Asal sınırlandırma numaraları (hız baskısı)


25

Bu sıra A054261

asal kapsama numarası inci ilk içermektedir düşük sayıdır alt dizeleri olarak asal sayılar. Örneğin, sayısı, ilk 3 astarı alt diziler olarak içeren en düşük sayıdır, bu da onu 3. asal içerme numarası yapar.nn235

İlk dört temel çevreleme sayısının , , 235 ve 2357 olduğunu anlamak önemsizdir , ancak daha ilginç hale gelir. Bir sonraki asal sayı 11 olduğundan, bir sonraki asal içerme numarası 235711 değildir , ancak mülkiyeti olan en küçük sayı olarak tanımlandığı için 112357'dir .2232352357235711112357

Bununla birlikte, asıl zorluk 11'in ötesine geçtiğinizde ortaya çıkar. Bir sonraki birincil çevreleme numarası 113257 . Bu numarada, alt dizgilerin 11ve 13örtüştüğüne dikkat edin. Numara 3, numarayla da örtüşüyor 13.

Bir sonraki sayının kendisinden önceki sayının tüm kriterlerini yerine getirmesi ve bir tane daha alt dize alması gerektiğinden, bu sıranın arttığını kanıtlamak kolaydır. Bununla birlikte, dizi katı olarak sonuçları ile gösterilmiştir, artmamakta n=10ve n=11.

Meydan okuma

Amacınız, mümkün olduğu kadar çok sayıda temel koruma numarası bulmaktır. Programınız 2 ile başlayan ve yukarı çıkarak bunları düzenli bir şekilde vermelidir.

kurallar

  1. Sen edilmektedir izin koda asal sayılara.
  2. Ana kod içerme numaralarını ( 2tek istisna olan) ya da mücadeleyi önemsiz kılan sihirli numaralara izin verilmez . Lütfen kibar ol.
  3. İstediğiniz herhangi bir dili kullanabilirsiniz. Ortamın kodu çalıştırmaya hazır olması için lütfen bir komut listesi ekleyin.
  4. Hem CPU hem de GPU kullanmakta serbestsiniz ve çoklu okuma kullanabilirsiniz.

puanlama

Resmi puanlama dizüstü bilgisayarımdan olacak (dell XPS 9560). Amacınız, 5 dakika içinde mümkün olduğu kadar çok sayıda temel koruma numarası üretmektir.

gözlük

  • 2.8GHz Intel Core i7-7700HQ (3.8GHz güçlendirme) 4 çekirdekli, 8 diş.
  • 16GB 2400MHz DDR4 RAM
  • NVIDIA GTX 1050
  • Linux Nane 18.3 64 bit

Şu ana kadar bulunan sayılar, bu sayıya eklenen son asalla birlikte:

 1 =>                                                       2 (  2)
 2 =>                                                      23 (  3)
 3 =>                                                     235 (  5)
 4 =>                                                    2357 (  7)
 5 =>                                                  112357 ( 11)
 6 =>                                                  113257 ( 13)
 7 =>                                                 1131725 ( 17)
 8 =>                                               113171925 ( 19)
 9 =>                                              1131719235 ( 23)
10 =>                                            113171923295 ( 29)
11 =>                                            113171923295 ( 31)
12 =>                                           1131719237295 ( 37)
13 =>                                          11317237294195 ( 41)
14 =>                                        1131723294194375 ( 43)
15 =>                                      113172329419437475 ( 47)
16 =>                                     1131723294194347537 ( 53)
17 =>                                   113172329419434753759 ( 59)
18 =>                                  2311329417434753759619 ( 61)
19 =>                                231132941743475375961967 ( 67)
20 =>                               2311294134347175375961967 ( 71)
21 =>                              23112941343471735375961967 ( 73)
22 =>                             231129413434717353759619679 ( 79)
23 =>                           23112941343471735359619678379 ( 83)
24 =>                         2311294134347173535961967837989 ( 89)
25 =>                        23112941343471735359619678378979 ( 97)
26 =>                      2310112941343471735359619678378979 (101)
27 =>                    231010329411343471735359619678378979 (103)
28 =>                 101031071132329417343475359619678378979 (107)
29 =>              101031071091132329417343475359619678378979 (109)
30 =>              101031071091132329417343475359619678378979 (113)
31 =>           101031071091131272329417343475359619678378979 (127)
32 =>           101031071091131272329417343475359619678378979 (131)
33 =>         10103107109113127137232941734347535961967838979 (137)
34 =>      10103107109113127137139232941734347535961967838979 (139)
35 =>   10103107109113127137139149232941734347535961967838979 (149)
36 => 1010310710911312713713914923294151734347535961967838979 (151)

Bu listeyi genişlettiği için Ardnauld, Ourous ve japh'a teşekkür ederiz.

Not bu n = 10ve n = 11çünkü aynı sayıda tüm numaraları içerir düşük sayıdır , ama aynı zamanda içeren .113171923295[2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29]31

Referans olarak, bu listeyi oluşturmak için yazdığım orijinal Python betiğinin ilk 12 terimi yaklaşık 6 dakikada hesapladığı gerçeğini kullanabilirsiniz.

Ek kurallar

İlk sonuçlar geldikten sonra, en iyi sonuçların aynı puana sahip olma ihtimalinin yüksek olduğunu fark ettim. Bir beraberlik durumunda, kazanan sonuçları elde etmek için en kısa süreye sahip olan olacak. İki veya daha fazla cevap sonuçlarını eşit olarak hızlı bir şekilde verirse, basit bir şekilde bağlı bir zafer olacaktır.

Son not

5 dakikalık çalışma süresi sadece adil bir puanlama sağlamak için konur. OEIS dizisini daha ileri itip yükseltemeyeceğimizi görmek isterim (şu anda 17 sayı içeriyor). Ourous'un koduyla, şu ana kadar tüm sayıları oluşturdum n = 26, ancak kodun daha uzun süre çalışmasına izin vermeyi planlıyorum.

sayı tahtası

  1. Python 3 + Google OR-Araçları : 169
  2. Scala : 137 (resmi olmayan)
  3. Concorde TSP çözücü : 84 (resmi olmayan)
  4. C ++ (GCC) + x86 montajı : 62
  5. Temiz : 25
  6. JavaScript (Node.js) : 24

1
Geçenlerde, nvidia kullanırken korkunç cpu boğması nedeniyle nvidia sürücüsü yerine nouveau sürücüsüne geçtim. Herhangi biri cuda destekli bir çözüm sunsa, hemen test edemeyeceğim, ancak makul bir süre içinde test etmeye çalışacağım.
maxb

kural 2 ile ilgili olarak: p n kodlaması yerine n-1 kodunu yazıp buradan aramaya başlarsak ne olur? :)
ngn

@ngn izin verilenleri biraz daha yakın olarak belirtmem gerekebilir. Elbette önceki sonucu kaydetmenize izin verilir, n=11bu n=10da yeni durumu da yerine getirdiğini doğrulamanız gerektiğinden emin olmanızı sağlar . Ayrıca, zor kodlamanın yalnızca n=17bu zamana kadar yardımcı olacağını , çünkü bu noktadan öğrendiğim kadarıyla hiçbir rakamın bilinmediğini savunuyorum .
maxb

[1,22,234,2356,112356,113256,1131724,113171924,1131719234,113171923294,113171923294,1131719237294]
kodlama

4
Söyleyebileceğim kadarıyla, bu sadece en yaygın yaygın batıl inanç probleminin özel bir hali ve zaten NP-tamam olduğu biliniyor, bu yüzden temelde verimsizlikten kaçınma durumu.
Neil

Yanıtlar:


9

Python 3 + Google OR-Araçları , 295 saniyede 169 puan (resmi puan)

Nasıl çalışır

Diğer primerlerde bulunan yedekli primerleri attıktan sonra, her asaldan her bir sonekine bir kenarı olan, sıfır mesafeli ve her asal için bir kenar ile eklenmiş basamakların sayısı ile tanımlanan mesafeyi gösteren bir çizgi çizin . Sözlükte ilk olarak boş önekten başlayarak, her bir asaldan (ancak her önek veya sonekten geçmek zorunda değil) geçen ve boş sonekten geçen grafik boyunca en kısa yolu ararız.

Örneğin, burada en uygun yolun ed → 11 → 1 → 13 → 3 → 31 → 1 → 17 → ε → 19 → → → 23 → ε → 29 → ε → 5 → ε için karşılık gelen n = 11 113171923295 çıkış dizisine.

grafik

Seyahat eden satıcı problemine doğrudan indirgeme ile karşılaştırıldığında , primerleri dolaylı olarak bu ilave sonek / önek düğümleri vasıtasıyla dolaylı olarak birbirine bağlayarak, doğrudan birbirine değil, dikkate almamız gereken kenar sayısını önemli ölçüde azalttığımıza dikkat edin. Ancak, ekstra düğümlerin tam olarak bir kez geçilmesi gerekmediğinden, bu artık bir TSP örneği değildir.

Önce yolun toplam uzunluğunu en aza indirgemek, sonra eklenen her basamak grubunu sırayla en aza indirmek için Google OR-Tools'un artan CP-SAT kısıtlayıcı çözücüsünü kullanıyoruz. Modeli yalnızca yerel sınırlamalarla başlatırız: her bir sonek bir sonekten önce gelir ve bir önek alırken, her sonek / önek aynı sayıdaki asal sayılardan önce gelir ve onu oluşturur. Ortaya çıkan model, bağlantısız döngüler içerebilir; öyleyse, dinamik olarak ek bağlantı kısıtlamaları ekler ve çözücüyü yeniden çalıştırırız.

kod

import multiprocessing
from ortools.sat.python import cp_model


def superstring(strings):
    def gen_prefixes(s):
        for i in range(len(s)):
            a = s[:i]
            if a in affixes:
                yield a

    def gen_suffixes(s):
        for i in range(1, len(s) + 1):
            a = s[i:]
            if a in affixes:
                yield a

    def solve():
        def find_string(s):
            found_strings.add(s)
            for i in range(1, len(s) + 1):
                a = s[i:]
                if (
                    a in affixes
                    and a not in found_affixes
                    and solver.Value(suffix[s, a])
                ):
                    found_affixes.add(a)
                    q.append(a)
                    break

        def cut(skip):
            model.AddBoolOr(
                skip
                + [
                    suffix[s, a]
                    for s in found_strings
                    for a in gen_suffixes(s)
                    if a not in found_affixes
                ]
                + [
                    prefix[a, s]
                    for s in unused_strings
                    if s not in found_strings
                    for a in gen_prefixes(s)
                    if a in found_affixes
                ]
            )
            model.AddBoolOr(
                skip
                + [
                    suffix[s, a]
                    for s in unused_strings
                    if s not in found_strings
                    for a in gen_suffixes(s)
                    if a in found_affixes
                ]
                + [
                    prefix[a, s]
                    for s in found_strings
                    for a in gen_prefixes(s)
                    if a not in found_affixes
                ]
            )

        def search():
            while q:
                a = q.pop()
                for s in prefixed[a]:
                    if (
                        s in unused_strings
                        and s not in found_strings
                        and solver.Value(prefix[a, s])
                    ):
                        find_string(s)
            return not (unused_strings - found_strings)

        while True:
            if solver.Solve(model) != cp_model.OPTIMAL:
                raise RuntimeError("Solve failed")

            found_strings = set()
            found_affixes = set()
            if part is None:
                found_affixes.add("")
                q = [""]
            else:
                part_ix = solver.Value(part)
                p, next_affix, next_string = parts[part_ix]
                q = []
                find_string(next_string)
            if search():
                break

            if part is not None:
                if part_ix not in partb:
                    partb[part_ix] = model.NewBoolVar("partb%s_%s" % (step, part_ix))
                    model.Add(part == part_ix).OnlyEnforceIf(partb[part_ix])
                    model.Add(part != part_ix).OnlyEnforceIf(partb[part_ix].Not())
                cut([partb[part_ix].Not()])
                if last_string is None:
                    found_affixes.add(next_affix)
                else:
                    find_string(last_string)
                q.append(next_affix)
                if search():
                    continue

            cut([])

    solver = cp_model.CpSolver()
    solver.parameters.num_search_workers = 4
    affixes = {s[:i] for s in strings for i in range(len(s))} & {
        s[i:] for s in strings for i in range(1, len(s) + 1)
    }
    prefixed = {}
    for s in strings:
        for a in gen_prefixes(s):
            prefixed.setdefault(a, []).append(s)
    suffixed = {}
    for s in strings:
        for a in gen_suffixes(s):
            suffixed.setdefault(a, []).append(s)
    unused_strings = set(strings)
    last_string = None
    part = None

    model = cp_model.CpModel()
    prefix = {
        (a, s): model.NewBoolVar("prefix_%s_%s" % (a, s))
        for a in affixes
        for s in prefixed[a]
    }
    suffix = {
        (s, a): model.NewBoolVar("suffix_%s_%s" % (s, a))
        for a in affixes
        for s in suffixed[a]
    }
    for s in strings:
        model.Add(sum(prefix[a, s] for a in gen_prefixes(s)) == 1)
        model.Add(sum(suffix[s, a] for a in gen_suffixes(s)) == 1)
    for a in affixes:
        model.Add(
            sum(suffix[s, a] for s in suffixed[a])
            == sum(prefix[a, s] for s in prefixed[a])
        )

    length = sum(prefix[a, s] * (len(s) - len(a)) for a in affixes for s in prefixed[a])
    model.Minimize(length)
    solve()
    model.Add(length == solver.Value(length))

    out = ""
    for step in range(len(strings)):
        in_parts = set()
        parts = []
        for a in [""] if last_string is None else gen_suffixes(last_string):
            for s in prefixed[a]:
                if s in unused_strings and s not in in_parts:
                    in_parts.add(s)
                    parts.append((s[len(a) :], a, s))
        parts.sort()
        part = model.NewIntVar(0, len(parts) - 1, "part%s" % step)
        partb = {}
        for part_ix, (p, a, s) in enumerate(parts):
            if last_string is not None:
                model.Add(part != part_ix).OnlyEnforceIf(suffix[last_string, a].Not())
            model.Add(part != part_ix).OnlyEnforceIf(prefix[a, s].Not())
        model.Minimize(part)
        solve()
        part_ix = solver.Value(part)
        model.Add(part == part_ix)
        p, a, last_string = parts[part_ix]
        unused_strings.remove(last_string)
        out += p
    return out


def gen_primes():
    yield 2
    n = 3
    d = {}
    for p in gen_primes():
        p2 = p * p
        d[p2] = 2 * p
        while n <= p2:
            if n in d:
                q = d.pop(n)
                m = n + q
                while m in d:
                    m += q
                d[m] = q
            else:
                yield n
            n += 2


def gen_inputs():
    num_primes = 0
    strings = []

    for new_prime in gen_primes():
        num_primes += 1
        new_string = str(new_prime)
        strings = [s for s in strings if s not in new_string] + [new_string]
        yield strings


with multiprocessing.Pool() as pool:
    for i, out in enumerate(pool.imap(superstring, gen_inputs())):
        print(i + 1, out, flush=True)

Sonuçlar

İşte ilk 1000 ana tutucu numaraları 8 çekirdekli bir / 16-dişli sistemine 1 ½ günde hesaplanır.


Harika çözüm! Sorunun özelliklerini akıllıca kullanmak, bu sorunun cevaplarından tam istediğim şeydi. Resmi olmayan bir puanlama için şimdi dizüstü bilgisayarımda koştum ve 5 dakika içinde 153'e ulaştım. Bugünkü resmi puanınızı bugün vereceğim ve çıktınızın doğru göründüğünden emin olacağım. Lideriniz var gibi görünüyor, tebrikler!
maxb

@ AndersKaseorg'un Concorde tabanlı çözücü ile 1000'e kadar sonuçlarını onayladım (yaklaşık 5 kat daha yavaş!) Onları tekrar kontrol etmeye karar verdim çünkü her iki çözücü de kayan nokta LP'yi dahili olarak kullanıyor gibi görünüyor ve Concorde'un birkaç kez iptal ettiğini gördüm yuvarlama hataları.
japh

Bunun biraz geç olduğunu biliyorum, ancak sonunda sonuçları OEIS'e yüklemeye karar verdim. Meydan okumayı kazandığınızdan beri, yeni sayıların keşfi olarak kredilendirilmek ister misiniz?
maksb

@ maxb Bana iyi geliyor, teşekkürler!
Anders Kaseorg

14

C ++ (GCC) + x86 montajı, 259 saniyede 32 36 62 puan (resmi)

Sonuçlar şu ana kadar hesaplandı. Bilgisayarımdan sonra belleği yetersiz kalıyor 65.

1 2
2 23
3 235
4 2357
5 112357
6 113257
7 1131725
8 113171925
9 1131719235
10 113171923295
11 113171923295
12 1131719237295
13 11317237294195
14 1131723294194375
15 113172329419437475
16 1131723294194347537
17 113172329419434753759
18 2311329417434753759619
19 231132941743475375961967
20 2311294134347175375961967
21 23112941343471735375961967
22 231129413434717353759619679
23 23112941343471735359619678379
24 2311294134347173535961967837989
25 23112941343471735359619678378979
26 2310112941343471735359619678378979
27 231010329411343471735359619678378979
28 101031071132329417343475359619678378979
29 101031071091132329417343475359619678378979
30 101031071091132329417343475359619678378979
31 101031071091131272329417343475359619678378979
32 101031071091131272329417343475359619678378979
33 10103107109113127137232941734347535961967838979
34 10103107109113127137139232941734347535961967838979
35 10103107109113127137139149232941734347535961967838979
36 1010310710911312713713914923294151734347535961967838979
37 1010310710911312713713914915157232941734347535961967838979
38 1010310710911312713713914915157163232941734347535961967838979
39 10103107109113127137139149151571631672329417343475359619798389
40 10103107109113127137139149151571631672329417343475359619798389
41 1010310710911312713713914915157163167173232941794347535961978389
42 101031071091131271371391491515716316717323294179434753596181978389
43 101031071091131271371391491515716316723294173434753596181917978389
44 101031071091131271371391491515716316717323294179434753596181919383897
45 10103107109113127137139149151571631671731792329418191934347535961978389
46 10103107109113127137139149151571631671731791819193232941974347535961998389
47 101031071091271313714915157163167173179181919321139232941974347535961998389
48 1010310710912713137149151571631671731791819193211392232941974347535961998389
49 1010310710912713137149151571631671731791819193211392232272941974347535961998389
50 10103107109127131371491515716316717317918191932113922322722941974347535961998389
51 101031071091271313714915157163167173179181919321139223322722941974347535961998389
52 101031071091271313714915157163167173179181919321139223322722923941974347535961998389
53 1010310710912713137149151571631671731791819193211392233227229239241974347535961998389
54 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251974347535961998389
55 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251972574347535961998389
56 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251972572634347535961998389
57 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251972572632694347535961998389
58 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251972572632694347535961998389
59 1010310710912713137149151571631671731792113922332277229239241819193251972572632694347535961998389
60 101031071091271313714915157163167173211392233227722923924179251819193257263269281974347535961998389
61 1010310710912713137149151571631671732113922332277229239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
62 10103107109127131371491515716316717321139223322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
63 1010307107109127131371491515716316717321139223322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
64 10103071071091271311371391491515716316721173223322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
65 10103071071091271311371491515716313916721173223322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989

Bunların hepsi Concorde tabanlı çözücünün çıktısı ile aynı fikirde , bu nedenle doğru olma şansı yüksektir.

Değişiklikler:

  • Gerekli bağlam uzunluğu için yanlış hesaplama. Önceki sürüm 1 çok büyüktü ve ayrıca bir hata vardı. Skor: 32 34

  • Eşit içerikli grup optimizasyonu eklendi. Skor: 34 36

  • Bağlam içermeyen dizeleri düzgün bir şekilde kullanmak için algoritmayı ve bazı diğer optimizasyonları elden geçirdi. Skor: 36 62

  • Uygun bir yazı eklendi.

  • Asal sayılar değişkeni eklendi.

Nasıl çalışır

Uyarı: Bu bir beyin dökümü. Sadece kodu istiyorsanız sonuna kadar kaydırın.

Kısaltmalar:

Bu program temel olarak TSP için ders kitabı dinamik programlama algoritmasını kullanır.

  1. Ayrıca PCN / SCS'den çözdüğümüz problem, TSP'ye bir azalma.
  2. Ayrıca, her bir öğedeki tüm basamakların yerine öğe bağlamlarını kullanma.
  3. Ayrıca problemi, diğer astarların uçlarıyla örtüşemeyen astarlara göre bölmek.
  4. Ayrıca, aynı başlangıç ​​/ bitiş rakamlarına sahip primerler için birleştirme hesaplamaları.
  5. Ayrıca önceden hesaplanmış arama tabloları ve özel bir karma tablo.
  6. Ayrıca bazı düşük seviyeli ön hazırlık ve bit paketleme.

Çok fazla potansiyel böcek var. Anselm'in girişiyle uğraştıktan ve yanlış sonuçlardan kaçmak için başarısız olduktan sonra, en azından genel yaklaşımımın doğru olduğunu ispatlamalıyım.

Concorde tabanlı çözüm (çok, çok) daha hızlı olmasına rağmen, aynı azaltmaya dayanıyor, bu yüzden bu açıklama her ikisi için de geçerli. Ek olarak, bu çözelti, primer içeren primer dizisi olan OEIS A054260 için uyarlanabilir ; TSP çerçevesinde bunu nasıl verimli bir şekilde çözeceğimi bilmiyorum. Bu yüzden hala biraz alakalı.

TSP azaltma

TSP'ye azaltmanın doğru olduğunu ispatlayarak başlayalım. Diyelim ki bir dizi dizgimiz var.

A = 13, 31, 37, 113, 137, 211

ve biz bu maddeleri içeren en küçük süper diziyi bulmak istiyoruz.

Uzunluğu bilmek yeterli

PCN için, en kısa çok sayıda dize varsa, sözlükbilimsel olarak en küçük olanı döndürmeliyiz. Ancak farklı (ve daha kolay) bir soruna bakacağız.

  • SCS : İlk ön ek ve bir öğe kümesi göz önüne alındığında, tüm öğeleri alt dizeler olarak içeren en kısa dizeyi bulun ve bu ön ekle başlar.
  • SCS-Uzunluk : Sadece SCS'nin uzunluğunu bulun.

SCS-Length'u çözebilirsek, en küçük çözümü yeniden oluşturabilir ve PCN'yi alabiliriz. En küçük çözümün ön ekimizle başladığını biliyorsak, her bir öğeyi, sözlük sıralamasına ekleyerek ve uzunluğu tekrar çözerek genişletmeyi deneriz. Çözüm uzunluğunun aynı olduğu en küçük öğeyi bulduğumuzda, bunun en küçük çözümde bir sonraki öğe olması gerektiğini biliyoruz (neden?), Bu nedenle ekleyin ve kalan öğeleri tekrarlayın. Bu çözüme ulaşma yöntemine kendi kendini azaltma denir .

Maksimum örtüşme grafiğini turlamak

Yukarıdaki örnek için SCS'yi el ile çözmeye başladığımızı varsayalım. Muhtemelen:

  • Kurtul 13ve 37, çünkü onlar zaten diğer öğelerin alt çizgileridir. 137Örneğin içeren herhangi bir çözüm, ayrıca 13ve içermelidir 37.
  • Kombinasyonlarını dikkate başlayın 113,137 → 1137, 211,113 → 2113vb

Aslında bu yapılacak doğru şey, ama bunu eksiksizlik adına ispatlayalım. Herhangi bir SCS çözümü alın; Örneğin, bir kısa için Superstring AIS

2113137

ve içindeki tüm öğelerin birleştirilmesinde ayrıştırılabilir A:

211
 113
   31
    137

(Gereksiz maddeleri görmezden geliriz 13, 37.) Şuna dikkat edin:

  1. Her bir öğenin başlangıç ​​ve bitiş konumları en az 1 oranında artar.
  2. Her madde bir önceki maddeyle mümkün olan en üst düzeyde örtüşür.

Her kısa batıl inancın bu şekilde ayrıştırılabileceğini göstereceğiz:

  1. Bitişik öğeleri her çifti için x,y, ydaha sonraki pozisyonlarda başlar ve biter x. Eğer bu doğru değilse, ya xbunun bir alt dizesi yya da tam tersidir. Ama biz zaten alt dize olan tüm öğeleri kaldırdık, bu yüzden bu olamaz.

  2. Dizideki bitişik öğelerin, örneğin bunların 21113yerine maksimumdan daha az üst üste geldiğini varsayalım 2113. Ama bu fazladan 1gereksiz hale getirecek . Daha sonra hiçbir öğenin başlangıcına ihtiyacı yoktur 1(2 1 113'teki gibi), çünkü öncekinden daha önce gerçekleşir 113ve sonra görünen tüm öğeler daha 113önce bir rakamla başlayamaz 113(bkz. Nokta 1). Benzer bir argüman daha önce herhangi bir öğe tarafından kullanılmasının son ekstraları 1(211 1 3'teki gibi) önler 211. Fakat bizim en kısa üst düzey belirlememiz, tanım gereği, fazlalık olmayan rakamlara sahip olmayacağından, bu tür maksimum olmayan örtüşmeler gerçekleşmeyecektir.

Bu özelliklerle, herhangi bir SCS problemini bir TSP'ye dönüştürebiliriz:

  1. Diğer öğelerin alt dizeleri olan tüm öğeleri kaldırın.
  2. Her öğe için bir tepe noktası olan yönlendirilmiş bir grafik oluşturun.
  3. Öğelerin her çifti için x, ygelen bir kenar eklemek xiçin yolan ağırlık ekleyerek eklenen ekstra simgelerin sayısıdır yiçin xmaksimal örtüşme ile. Örneğin, bir kenar eklemek olacaktır 211için 113, çünkü ağırlıkça 1 ile 2113bir kez daha basamak üzerine ekler 211. Kenarından için tekrarlayın yiçin x.
  4. İlk önek için bir köşe ekleyin ve bundan diğer tüm öğelere kenarları ekleyin.

Bu grafikteki ilk önekten gelen herhangi bir yol, o yoldaki tüm öğelerin maksimum örtüşme birleştirmesine karşılık gelir ve yolun toplam ağırlığı, birleştirilmiş dize uzunluğuna eşittir. Bu nedenle, tüm maddeleri en az bir kez ziyaret eden her en düşük ağırlıklı tur, en kısa superstring'e tekabül eder.

Ve bu, SCS'den (ve SCS-Uzunluktan) TSP'ye düşmedir.

Dinamik programlama algoritması

Bu klasik bir algoritmadır, fakat onu biraz değiştireceğiz, işte hızlı bir hatırlatma.

(Bunu TSP yerine SCS-Length için bir algoritma olarak yazdım. Esas olarak eşdeğerdirler, ancak SCS kelimeleri SCS'ye özel optimizasyonlara ulaştığımızda yardımcı olur.)

Giriş öğeleri kümesini Ave verilen öneki arayın P. Her için k-eleman alt kümesi Siçinde Ave her eleman earasında S, biz başlar o en kısa dize uzunluğunu hesaplamak PHerşeyden içeren Sile ve biter e. Bu, bir tablonun değerlerinden (S, e)SCS Uzunluklarına kaydetmeyi içerir .

Her alt kümesi varınca S, zaten tablo ihtiyaçları sonuçlarını içerir S - {e}herkes için ede S. Tablo oldukça büyük alabilirsiniz olarak tüm sonuçlarını hesaplamak k, sonra -eleman alt kümeleri k+1sadece sonuçlarını saklamak gerekir, bu vb, kve k+1herhangi bir anda. Bu, bellek kullanımını kabaca bir faktör azaltır sqrt(|A|).

Bir detay daha: minimum SCS-Uzunluk değerini hesaplamak yerine, öğeler arasındaki maksimum toplam çakışmayı hesaplarım. (SCS-Length değerini elde etmek için toplam örtüşmeyi öğelerin uzunluklarının toplamından çıkarmanız yeterlidir.) Çakışmaları kullanmak, aşağıdaki optimizasyonlardan bazılarına yardımcı olur.

[2.] Ürün içeriği

Bir bağlam aşağıdaki öğeler örtüşebilir bir öğenin en uzun ekidir. Bizim öğeler ise 113,211,311, o zaman 11bağlamıdır 211ve 311. (Ayrıca 113, kısmen [4] 'te inceleyeceğimiz önek bağlamıdır. )

Yukarıdaki DP algoritmasında, her bir öğeyle biten SCS çözümlerini takip ettik, ancak SCS'nin hangi öğenin bittiği umrumda değil. Bilmemiz gereken tek şey bağlam. Dolayısıyla, örneğin, aynı set için iki SCS sona ererse 23ve 43birinden devam eden herhangi bir SCS diğer için de işe yarayacaktır.

Bu önemli bir optimizasyondur, çünkü önemsiz olmayan astarlar sadece rakamlarla biter 1 3 7 9. Dört tek basamaklı bağlam 1,3,7,9(artı boş bağlam) aslında PCN'lerin prime kadar hesaplanmasında yeterlidir 131.

[3.] Bağlamsız ürünler

Diğerleri, zaten birçok asal sayı 2,4,5,6,8gibi rakamlarla başladığına işaret etmişlerdir 23,29,41,43.... Bunların hiçbiri (kenara önceki bir astar ile üst üste binebilir 2ve 5;, asal bu basamaklı olarak son olamaz 2ve 5daha önce olarak yedek kaldırılmış olur). Kodda, bunlar bağlamsız dizeler olarak adlandırılır .

Girdilerimizin bağlam içermeyen öğeleri varsa, her SCS çözümü bloklara bölünebilir

<prefix>... 23... 29... 41... 43...

ve her bloktaki örtüşmeler diğer bloklardan bağımsızdır. SCS uzunluğunu değiştirmeden blokları karıştırabilir veya aynı bağlamda olan bloklar arasında öğeleri değiştirebiliriz.

Bu nedenle, yalnızca her bir blok için bir tane olmak üzere olası çoklu bağlamları takip etmemiz gerekir .

Tam örnek: 100'den küçük astarlar için, bağlamsız 11 öğemiz ve içerikleri:

23 29 41 43 47 53 59 61 67 83 89
 3  9  1  3  7  3  9  1  7  3  9

İlk multiset bağlamımız:

1 1 3 3 3 3 7 7 9 9 9

Kod, bunlara birleşik bağlamlar veya ccontexts olarak atıfta bulunur . Ardından, yalnızca kalan öğelerin alt kümelerini göz önünde bulundurmamız gerekir:

11 13 17 19 31 37 71 73 79 97

[4.] Bağlam birleştirme

Bir veya daha fazla 3 basamaklı asal sayılara ulaştığımızda, daha fazla fazlalık vardır:

 101 151 181 191 ...
 107 127 157 167 197 ...
 109 149 1009 ...

Bu gruplar aynı başlangıç ​​ve bitiş bağlamlarını paylaşır (genellikle — girilen diğer hangi asalların olduğuna bağlıdır), bu nedenle diğer öğelerle çakışırken ayırt edilemezler. Yalnızca örtüşmeleri önemsiyoruz, bu eşit bağlamdaki gruplardaki primleri ayırt edilemez olarak değerlendirebiliriz. Şimdi DP alt kümelerimiz çoklu depolar halinde yoğunlaştırıldı

4 × 1_1
5 × 1_7
3 × 1_9

(Bu aynı zamanda, çözücünün SCS uzunluğunu azaltmak yerine üst üste binme uzunluğunu maksimize etmesinin nedeni de budur: Bu optimizasyon üst üste binme uzunluğunu korur.)

Özet: üst düzey optimizasyonlar

INFOHata ayıklama çıktısı ile çalışan gibi istatistikleri yazdıracak

solve: N=43, N_search=26, ccontext_size=18, #contexts=7, #eq_context_groups=16

Bu özel hat, ilk 62 asal SCS uzunluğu içindir 2için 293.

  • Yedekli öğeleri çıkardıktan sonra, birbirlerinin sübvansiyonu olmayan 43 astar bıraktık.
  • 7 benzersiz içerik vardır : 1,3,7,11,13,27artı boş dize.
  • 43 asal 17 olan içerik içermeyen : 43,47,53,59,61,89,211,223,227,229,241,251,257,263,269,281,283. Bunlar ve verilen önek (bu durumda boş dize) ilk birleştirilmiş bağlamın temelini oluşturur .
  • Kalan 26 N_searchmaddede ( ) 16 tane eşitsiz eşit bağlam grubu vardır .

Bu yapılardan yararlanarak, SCS-Uzunluk hesaplamasının sadece 8498336 (multiset, ccontext)kombinasyonlarını kontrol etmesi gerekir . Basit dinamik programlama 43×2^43 > 3×10^14adımlar atıyordu ve izinleri zorla zorlamak 6×10^52adımlar atıyordu . Programın PCN çözümünü yeniden yapılandırmak için SCS-Length'u birkaç kez daha çalıştırması gerekiyor, ancak bu daha uzun sürmüyor.

[5., 6.] Düşük seviye optimizasyonları

Dize işlemleri yapmak yerine, SCS Uzunluk Çözücü madde ve içerik indeksleriyle çalışır. Ayrıca her bağlam ve madde çifti arasındaki örtüşme miktarını da önceden hesaplarım.

Kod, başlangıçta unordered_mapbağlantılı liste kovaları ve ana hash boyutlarına (yani pahalı bölümler) sahip bir karma tablo gibi görünen GCC'leri kullandı . Ben de kendi hash tabloumu doğrusal problama ve iki boyutun gücüyle yazdım. Bu, 3 kat hızlanma ve bellekte 3 kat azalma sağlar.

Her tablo durumu, çok sayıda öğe, birleşik bağlam ve bir çakışma sayısından oluşur. Bunlar, 128-bit girişlere paketlenir: üst üste binme sayımı için 8, çoklu ayar için 56 (çalışma uzunluğu kodlamasına sahip bir bit kümesi) ve ccontext için 64 (1 ile sınırlandırılmış RLE). Konteksti kodlamak ve kodunu çözmek en zor kısımdı ve yeni PDEPtalimatı kullandım (çok yeni, GCC'nin henüz kendine özgü bir özelliği yok).

Son olarak, bir karma tabloya erişmek, büyüdüğü zaman yavaştır N, çünkü tablo artık önbelleğe sığmaz. Ancak karma tabloya yazmamızın tek nedeni, her durum için bilinen en iyi çakışma sayısını güncellemektir. Program bu basamağı bir ön alım kuyruğuna böler ve iç döngü, bu yuvayı güncellemeden önce her masanın aramasını birkaç kez tekrarlar. Bilgisayarımda 2 kez daha hızlanma.

Bonus: daha fazla iyileştirme

AKA Concorde nasıl bu kadar hızlı?

TSP algoritmaları hakkında fazla bir şey bilmiyorum, bu yüzden kaba bir tahmin.

Concorde, TSP'leri çözmek için branş-kes yöntemini kullanır.

  • TSP'yi bir tamsayı doğrusal program olarak kodlar.
  • Optimum tur mesafesi üzerinde alt ve üst sınırlar elde etmek için doğrusal programlama yöntemlerinin yanı sıra ilk sezgisel taramaları kullanır
  • Bu sınırlar daha sonra bir dal içine beslenir ve en uygun çözümü arayan özyinelemeli algoritmayı bağlar . Bir alt ağaç için hesaplanan alt sınır bilinen bir üst sınırı aşarsa, arama ağacının büyük bölümleri budanabilir.
  • Ayrıca LP gevşemesini sıkılaştırmak ve daha iyi sınırlar elde etmek için kesme düzlemlerini arar . Tipik olarak, bu kesintiler karar değişkenlerinin tamsayı olması gerektiği bilgisini kodlar.

Deneyebileceğimiz açık fikirler:

  • SCS Uzunluk çözücüsünde budama, özellikle PCN çözümünü yeniden yapılandırırken (bu noktada, çözüm uzunluğunun ne olduğunu zaten biliyoruz)
  • Budama işlemine yardımcı olmak için kullanılabilecek, hesaplanması kolay bazı alt sınırların türetilmesi
  • En yüksek sayı dağılımında sömürülecek daha fazla simetri veya fazlalık bulma

Bununla birlikte, kes ve kes kombinasyonu çok güçlüdür, bu nedenle büyük değerleri için Concorde gibi son teknoloji ürünü bir çözücüyü yenemeyebiliriz N.

Bonus bonusu: ana kapsama primi

Concorde tabanlı çözümlerinden farklı olarak, bu program küçük içeren bulmak için modifiye edilebilir asal ( OEIS A054260 ). Bu üç değişiklik içerir:

  1. 1/ln(n)

  2. Rakam toplamlarının 3 ile bölünebilir olup olmadığına bağlı olarak çözümleri kategorilere ayırmak için SCS Uzunluk çözücü kodunu değiştirin. Bu, her DP durumuna başka bir giriş, rakam toplamı mod 3'ü eklemeyi içerir. Bu, ana çözücünün asal olmayan izinlerle sıkışıp kalma olasılığını büyük ölçüde azaltır. TSP'ye nasıl tercüme edileceğini çözemediğim değişim budur. ILP ile kodlanabilir, ancak daha sonra “metro eşitsizliği” denilen şeyi ve bunların nasıl üretileceğini öğrenmek zorunda kalacağım.

  3. O olabilir tüm kısa PCNS'yi en küçük asal çevreleme asal PCN daha az bir rakam daha uzun olmalıdır, Bu durumda 3 ile bölünebilir. Bizim SCS-Uzunluk çözücü bu algılarsa, çözüm rekonstrüksiyon kodu ekleme seçeneği vardır bir süreç içinde herhangi bir noktada ekstra rakamı. Olası her rakamı 0..9ve kalan her bir maddeyi eskisi gibi sözlük sırasına göre mevcut çözüm önekine eklemeye çalışır .

Bu değişikliklerle, kadar çözümler elde edebilirim N=62. Bunun dışında 47, yeniden yapılanma kodunun sıkışıp kaldığı ve 1 milyon adımdan sonra pes ettiği durumlarda (nedenini henüz bilmiyorum). Asal tutma astarları:

1 2
2 23
3 523
4 2357
5 112573
6 511327
7 1135217
8 1113251719
9 11171323519
10 113171952923
11 113171952923
12 11131951723729
13 11317237419529
14 1131723294375419
15 113172329541947437
16 1131723294195343747
17 1113172329419434753759
18 11231329417437475361959
19 231132941743475375967619
20 2311294134347175967619537
21 23112941343471735967619537
22 231129413434717359537679619
23 23112941343471735375961983679
24 11231294134347173535961967983789
25 23112941343471735359679837619789
26 2310112941343471735359619783789679
27 231010329411343471735359619678379897
28 101031071132329417343475359619798376789
29 101031071091132329417343475359619767898379
30 101031071091132329417343475359619767898379
31 1010310710911131272329417343475359619678979837
32 1010310710911131272329417343475359619678979837
33 10103107109113127137232941734347535978961967983
34 10103107109113127137139232941734347535961967838979
35 10103107109113127137139149232941734347535961976798389
36 1010310710911312713713914923294151734347535976198389679
37 1010310710911312713713914915157232941734347535967619798389
38 10103107109111312713713914915157163232941734347535967897961983
39 10103107109113127137139149151571631672329417343475961979838953
40 10103107109113127137139149151571631672329417343475961979838953
41 10103107109111312713713914915157163167173232941794347535976198983
42 1010310710911131271371391491515716316717323294179434761819535989783
43 1010310710911131271371391491515716316723294173434753596181917989783
44 101031071091131271371391491515716316717323294179434753836181919389597
45 10103107109113127137139149151571631671731792329418191934347538961975983
46 101031071091113127137139149151571631671731791819193232941974347535989836199
47 (failed)
48 1010310710912713137149151571631671731791819193211392232941974347895359836199
49 10103107109112713137149151571631671731791819193211392232272941974347619983535989
50 10103107109127131371491515716316717317918191932113922322722941974347595389836199
51 101031071091271313714915157163167173179181919321139223322722941974347595389619983
52 101031071091271313714915157163167173179181919321139223322722923941974347538361995989
53 10103107109112713137149151571631671731791819193211392233227229239241974347619983538959
54 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251974347619953835989
55 1010310710911271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251974325747596199538983
56 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251972572634347619959895383
57 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251972572632694359538983619947
58 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251972572632694359538983619947
59 1010310710912713137149151571631671731792113922332277229239241819193251972572632694347535983896199
60 1010310710911271313714915157163167173211392233227722923924179251819193257263269281974347535961998389
61 1010310710912713137149151571631671732113922332277229239241792518191932572632692819728343538947619959
62 10103107109127131371491515716316717321139223322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343534759896199

kod

İle derleyin

g++ -std=c++14 -O3 -march=native pcn.cpp -o pcn

Asal sayı versiyonu için, örneğin GMPlib ile de bağlantı kurun.

g++ -std=c++14 -O3 -march=native pcn-prime.cpp -o pcn-prime -lgmp -lgmpxx

Bu program, yalnızca yeni (Haswell +) x86 işlemcilerde kullanılabilen PDEP komutunu kullanır. Hem bilgisayarım hem de Max'in desteği var. Siz değilse, program yavaş bir yazılım sürümünde derlenecektir. Bu olduğunda bir derleme uyarısı yazdırılacaktır.

#include <cassert>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>

using namespace std;

void debug_dummy(...) {
}

#ifndef INFO
//#  define INFO(...) fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__)
#  define INFO debug_dummy
#endif

#ifndef DEBUG
//#    define DEBUG(...) fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__)
#  define DEBUG debug_dummy
#endif

bool is_prime(size_t n)
{
    for (size_t d = 2; d * d <= n; ++d) {
        if (n % d == 0) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

// bitset, works for up to 64 strings
using bitset_t = uint64_t;
const size_t bitset_bits = 64;

// Find position of n-th set bit of x
uint64_t bit_select(uint64_t x, size_t n) {
#ifdef __BMI2__
    // Bug: GCC doesn't seem to provide the _pdep_u64 intrinsic,
    // despite what its manual claims. Neither does Clang!
    //size_t r = _pdep_u64(ccontext_t(1) << new_context, ccontext1);
    size_t r;
    // NB: actual operand order is %2, %1 despite the intrinsic taking %1, %2
    asm ("pdep %2, %1, %0"
         : "=r" (r)
         : "r" (uint64_t(1) << n), "r" (x)
         );
    return __builtin_ctzll(r);
#else
#  warning "bit_select: no x86 BMI2 instruction set, falling back to slow code"
    size_t k = 0, m = 0;
    for (; m < 64; ++m) {
        if (x & (uint64_t(1) << m)) {
            if (k == n) {
                break;
            }
            ++k;
        }
    }
    return m;
#endif
}

#ifndef likely
#  define likely(x) __builtin_expect(x, 1)
#endif
#ifndef unlikely
#  define unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(x, 0)
#endif

// Return the shortest string that begins with a and ends with b
string join_strings(string a, string b) {
    for (size_t overlap = min(a.size(), b.size()); overlap > 0; --overlap) {
        if (a.substr(a.size() - overlap) == b.substr(0, overlap)) {
            return a + b.substr(overlap);
        }
    }
    return a + b;
}

vector <string> dedup_items(string context0, vector <string> items)
{
    vector <string> items2;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < items.size(); ++i) {
        bool dup = false;
        if (context0.find(items[i]) != string::npos) {
                dup = true;
        } else {
            for (size_t j = 0; j < items.size(); ++j) {
                if (items[i] == items[j]?
                    i > j
                        : items[j].find(items[i]) != string::npos) {
                    dup = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if (!dup) {
            items2.push_back(items[i]);
        }
    }
    return items2;
}

// Table entry used in main solver
const size_t solver_max_item_set = bitset_bits - 8;
struct Solver_entry
{
    uint8_t score : 8;
    bitset_t items : solver_max_item_set;
    bitset_t context;

    Solver_entry()
    {
        score = 0xff;
        items = 0;
        context = 0;
    }
    bool is_empty() const {
        return score == 0xff;
    }
};

// Simple hash table to avoid stdlib overhead
struct Solver_table
{
    vector <Solver_entry> t;
    size_t t_bits;
    size_t size_;
    size_t num_probes_;

    Solver_table()
    {
        // 256 slots initially -- this needs to be not too small
        // so that the load factor formula in update_score works
        t_bits = 8;
        size_ = 0;
        num_probes_ = 0;
        resize(t_bits);
    }
    static size_t entry_hash(bitset_t items, bitset_t context)
    {
        uint64_t h = 0x3141592627182818ULL;
        // Add context first, since its bits are generally
        // less well distributed than items
        h += context;
        h ^= h >> 23;
        h *= 0x2127599bf4325c37ULL;
        h ^= h >> 47;
        h += items;
        h ^= h >> 23;
        h *= 0x2127599bf4325c37ULL;
        h ^= h >> 47;
        return h;
    }
    size_t probe_index(size_t hash) const {
        return hash & ((size_t(1) << t_bits) - 1);
    }
    void resize(size_t t2_bits)
    {
        assert (size_ < size_t(1) << t2_bits);
        vector <Solver_entry> t2(size_t(1) << t2_bits);
        for (auto entry: t) {
            if (!entry.is_empty()) {
                size_t h = entry_hash(entry.items, entry.context);
                size_t mask = (size_t(1) << t2_bits) - 1;
                size_t idx = h & mask;
                while (!t2[idx].is_empty()) {
                    idx = (idx + 1) & mask;
                    ++num_probes_;
                }
                t2[idx] = entry;
            }
        }
        t.swap(t2);
        t_bits = t2_bits;
    }
    uint8_t update_score(bitset_t items, bitset_t context, uint8_t score)
    {
        // Ensure we can insert a new item without resizing
        assert (size_ < t.size());

        size_t index = probe_index(entry_hash(items, context));
        size_t mask = (size_t(1) << t_bits) - 1;
        for (size_t p = 0; p < t.size(); ++p, index = (index + 1) & mask) {
            ++num_probes_;
            if (likely(t[index].items == items && t[index].context == context)) {
                t[index].score = max(t[index].score, score);
                return t[index].score;
            }
            if (t[index].is_empty()) {
                // add entry
                t[index].score = score;
                t[index].items = items;
                t[index].context = context;
                ++size_;
                // load factor 4/5 -- ideally 2-3 average probes per lookup
                if (5*size_ > 4*t.size()) {
                    resize(t_bits + 1);
                }
                return score;
            }
        }
        assert (false && "bug: hash table probe loop");
    }
    size_t size() const {
        return size_;
    }
    void swap(Solver_table table)
    {
        t.swap(table.t);
        ::swap(size_, table.size_);
        ::swap(t_bits, table.t_bits);
        ::swap(num_probes_, table.num_probes_);
    }
};

/*
 * Main solver code.
 */
struct Solver
{
    // Inputs
    vector <string> items;
    string context0;
    size_t context0_index;

    // Mapping between strings and indices
    vector <string> context_to_string;
    unordered_map <string, size_t> string_to_context;

    // Items that have context-free prefixes, i.e. prefixes that
    // never overlap with the end of other items nor context0
    vector <bool> contextfree;

    // Precomputed contexts (suffixes) for each item
    vector <size_t> item_context;
    // Precomputed updates: (context, string) to overlap amount
    vector <vector <size_t>> join_overlap;

    Solver(vector <string> items, string context0)
        :items(items), context0(context0)
    {
        items = dedup_items(context0, items);
        init_context_();
    }

    void init_context_()
    {
        /*
         * Generate all relevant item-item contexts.
         *
         * At this point, we know that no item is a substring of
         * another, nor of context0. This means that the only contexts
         * we need to care about, are those generated from maximal join
         * overlaps between any two items.
         *
         * Proof:
         * Suppose that the shortest containing string needs some other
         * kind of context. Maybe it depends on a context spanning
         * three or more items, say X,Y,Z. But if Z ends after Y and
         * interacts with X, then Y must be a substring of Z.
         * This cannot happen, because we removed all substrings.
         *
         * Alternatively, it depends on a non-maximal join overlap
         * between two strings, say X,Y. But if this overlap does not
         * interact with any other string, then we could maximise it
         * and get a shorter solution. If it does, then call this
         * other string Z. We would get the same contradiction as in
         * the previous case with X,Y,Z.
         */
        size_t N = items.size();
        vector <size_t> max_prefix_overlap(N), max_suffix_overlap(N);
        size_t context0_suffix_overlap = 0;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
            for (size_t j = 0; j < N; ++j) {
                if (i == j) continue;
                string joined = join_strings(items[j], items[i]);
                size_t overlap = items[j].size() + items[i].size() - joined.size();
                string context = items[i].substr(0, overlap);
                max_prefix_overlap[i] = max(max_prefix_overlap[i], overlap);
                max_suffix_overlap[j] = max(max_suffix_overlap[j], overlap);

                if (string_to_context.find(context) == string_to_context.end()) {
                    string_to_context[context] = context_to_string.size();
                    context_to_string.push_back(context);
                }
            }

            // Context for initial join with context0
            {
                string joined = join_strings(context0, items[i]);
                size_t overlap = context0.size() + items[i].size() - joined.size();
                string context = items[i].substr(0, overlap);
                max_prefix_overlap[i] = max(max_prefix_overlap[i], overlap);
                context0_suffix_overlap = max(context0_suffix_overlap, overlap);

                if (string_to_context.find(context) == string_to_context.end()) {
                    string_to_context[context] = context_to_string.size();
                    context_to_string.push_back(context);
                }
            }
        }
        // Now compute all canonical trailing contexts
        context0_index = string_to_context[
                           context0.substr(context0.size() - context0_suffix_overlap)];
        item_context.resize(N);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
            item_context[i] = string_to_context[
                                items[i].substr(items[i].size() - max_suffix_overlap[i])];
        }

        // Now detect context-free items
        contextfree.resize(N);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
            contextfree[i] = (max_prefix_overlap[i] == 0);
            if (contextfree[i]) {
                DEBUG("  contextfree: %s\n", items[i].c_str());
            }
        }

        // Now compute all possible overlap amounts
        join_overlap.resize(context_to_string.size(), vector <size_t> (N));
        for (size_t c_index = 0; c_index < context_to_string.size(); ++c_index) {
            const string& context = context_to_string[c_index];
            for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
                string joined = join_strings(context, items[i]);
                size_t overlap = context.size() + items[i].size() - joined.size();
                join_overlap[c_index][i] = overlap;
            }
        }
    }

    // Main solver.
    // Returns length of shortest string containing all items starting
    // from context0 (context0's length not included).
    size_t solve() const
    {
        size_t N = items.size();

        // Length, if joined without overlaps. We try to improve this by
        // finding overlaps in the main iteration
        size_t base_length = 0;
        for (auto s: items) {
            base_length += s.size();
        }

        // Now take non-context-free items. We will only need to search
        // over these items.
        vector <size_t> search_items;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
            if (!contextfree[i]) {
                search_items.push_back(i);
            }
        }
        size_t N_search = search_items.size();

        /*
         * Some groups of strings have the same context transitions.
         * For example "17", "107", "127", "167" all have an initial
         * context of "1" and a trailing context of "7", no other
         * overlaps are possible with other primes.
         *
         * We group these strings and treat them as indistinguishable
         * during the main algorithm.
         */
        auto eq_context = [&](size_t i, size_t j) {
            if (item_context[i] != item_context[j]) {
                return false;
            }
            for (size_t ci = 0; ci < context_to_string.size(); ++ci) {
                if (join_overlap[ci][i] != join_overlap[ci][j]) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        };
        vector <size_t> eq_context_group(N_search, size_t(-1));
        for (size_t si = 0; si < N_search; ++si) {
            for (size_t sj = si-1; sj+1 > 0; --sj) {
                size_t i = search_items[si], j = search_items[sj];
                if (!contextfree[j] && eq_context(i, j)) {
                    DEBUG("  eq context: %s =c= %s\n", items[i].c_str(), items[j].c_str());
                    eq_context_group[si] = sj;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // Figure out the combined context size. A combined context has
        // one entry for each context-free item plus one for context0.
        size_t ccontext_size = N - N_search + 1;

        // Assert that various parameters all fit into our data types
        using ccontext_t = bitset_t;
        assert (context_to_string.size() + ccontext_size <= bitset_bits);
        assert (N_search <= solver_max_item_set);
        assert (base_length < 0xff);

        // Initial combined context.
        unordered_map <size_t, size_t> cc0_full;
        ++cc0_full[context0_index];
        for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
            if (contextfree[i]) {
                ++cc0_full[item_context[i]];
            }
        }
        // Now pack into unary-encoded bitset. The bitset stores the
        // count for each context as <count> number of 0 bits,
        // followed by a 1 bit.
        ccontext_t cc0 = 0;
        for (size_t ci = 0, b = 0; ci < context_to_string.size(); ++ci, ++b) {
            b += cc0_full[ci];
            cc0 |= ccontext_t(1) << b;
        }

        // Map from (item set, context) to maximum achievable overlap
        Solver_table k_solns;
        // Base case: cc0 with empty set
        k_solns.update_score(0, cc0, 0);

        // Now start dynamic programming. k is current subset size
        size_t eq_context_groups = 0;
        for (size_t g: eq_context_group) eq_context_groups += (g != size_t(-1));
        if (context0.empty()) {
            INFO("solve: N=%zu, N_search=%zu, ccontext_size=%zu, #contexts=%zu, #eq_context_groups=%zu\n",
                 N, N_search, ccontext_size, context_to_string.size(), eq_context_groups);
        } else {
            DEBUG("solve: context=%s, N=%zu, N_search=%zu, ccontext_size=%zu, #contexts=%zu, #eq_context_groups=%zu\n",
                  context0.c_str(), N, N_search, ccontext_size, context_to_string.size(), eq_context_groups);
        }
        for (size_t k = 0; k < N_search; ++k) {
            decltype(k_solns) k1_solns;

            // The main bottleneck of this program is updating k1_solns,
            // which (for larger N) becomes a huge table.
            // We use a prefetch queue to reduce memory latency.
            const size_t prefetch = 8;
            array <Solver_entry, prefetch> entry_queue;
            size_t update_i = 0;

            // Iterate every k-subset
            for (Solver_entry entry: k_solns.t) {
                if (entry.is_empty()) continue;

                bitset_t s = entry.items;
                ccontext_t ccontext = entry.context;
                size_t overlap = entry.score;

                // Try adding a new item
                for (size_t si = 0; si < N_search; ++si) {
                    bitset_t s1 = s | bitset_t(1) << si;
                    if (s == s1) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    // Add items in each eq_context_group sequentially
                    if (eq_context_group[si] != size_t(-1) &&
                        !(s & bitset_t(1) << eq_context_group[si])) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    size_t i = search_items[si]; // actual item index

                    size_t new_context = item_context[i];
                    // Increment ccontext's count for new_context.
                    // We need to find its delimiter 1 bit
                    size_t bit_n = bit_select(ccontext, new_context);
                    ccontext_t ccontext_n =
                        ((ccontext & ((ccontext_t(1) << bit_n) - 1))
                         | ((ccontext >> bit_n << (bit_n + 1))));

                    // Select non-empty sub-contexts to substitute for new_context
                    for (size_t ci = 0, bit1 = 0, count;
                         ci < context_to_string.size();
                         ++ci, bit1 += count + 1)
                    {
                        assert (ccontext_n >> bit1);
                        count = __builtin_ctzll(ccontext_n >> bit1);
                        if (!count
                            // We just added new_context; we can only remove an existing
                            // context entry there i.e. there must be at least two now
                            || (ci == new_context && count < 2)) {
                            continue;
                        }

                        // Decrement ci in ccontext_n
                        bitset_t ccontext1 =
                            ((ccontext_n & ((ccontext_t(1) << bit1) - 1))
                             | ((ccontext_n >> (bit1 + 1)) << bit1));

                        size_t overlap1 = overlap + join_overlap[ci][i];

                        // do previous prefetched update
                        if (update_i >= prefetch) {
                            Solver_entry entry = entry_queue[update_i % prefetch];
                            k1_solns.update_score(entry.items, entry.context, entry.score);
                        }

                        // queue the current update and prefetch
                        Solver_entry entry1;
                        size_t probe_index = k1_solns.probe_index(Solver_table::entry_hash(s1, ccontext1));
                        __builtin_prefetch(&k1_solns.t[probe_index]);
                        entry1.items = s1;
                        entry1.context = ccontext1;
                        entry1.score = overlap1;
                        entry_queue[update_i % prefetch] = entry1;

                        ++update_i;
                    }
                }
            }

            // do remaining queued updates
            for (size_t j = 0; j < min(update_i, prefetch); ++j) {
                Solver_entry entry = entry_queue[j];
                k1_solns.update_score(entry.items, entry.context, entry.score);
            }

            if (context0.empty()) {
                INFO("  hash stats: |solns[%zu]| = %zu, %zu lookups, %zu probes\n",
                     k+1, k1_solns.size(), update_i, k1_solns.num_probes_);
            } else {
                DEBUG("  hash stats: |solns[%zu]| = %zu, %zu lookups, %zu probes\n",
                      k+1, k1_solns.size(), update_i, k1_solns.num_probes_);
            }
            k_solns.swap(k1_solns);
        }

        // Overall solution
        size_t max_overlap = 0;
        for (Solver_entry entry: k_solns.t) {
            if (entry.is_empty()) continue;
            max_overlap = max(max_overlap, size_t(entry.score));
        }
        return base_length - max_overlap;
    }
};

// Wrapper for Solver that also finds the smallest solution string
string smallest_containing_string(vector <string> items)
{
    items = dedup_items("", items);

    size_t soln_length;
    {
        Solver solver(items, "");
        soln_length = solver.solve();
    }
    DEBUG("Found solution length: %zu\n", soln_length);

    string soln;
    vector <string> remaining_items = items;
    while (remaining_items.size() > 1) {
        // Add all possible next items, in lexicographic order
        vector <pair <string, size_t>> next_solns;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < remaining_items.size(); ++i) {
            const string& item = remaining_items[i];
            next_solns.push_back(make_pair(join_strings(soln, item), i));
        }
        assert (next_solns.size() == remaining_items.size());
        sort(next_solns.begin(), next_solns.end());

        // Now try every item in order
        bool found_next = false;
        for (auto ns: next_solns) {
            size_t i;
            string next_soln;
            tie(next_soln, i) = ns;
            DEBUG("Trying: %s + %s -> %s\n",
                  soln.c_str(), remaining_items[i].c_str(), next_soln.c_str());
            vector <string> next_remaining;
            for (size_t j = 0; j < remaining_items.size(); ++j) {
                if (next_soln.find(remaining_items[j]) == string::npos) {
                    next_remaining.push_back(remaining_items[j]);
                }
            }

            Solver solver(next_remaining, next_soln);
            size_t next_size = solver.solve();
            DEBUG("  ... next_size: %zu + %zu =?= %zu\n", next_size, next_soln.size(), soln_length);
            if (next_size + next_soln.size() == soln_length) {
                INFO("  found next item: %s\n", remaining_items[i].c_str());
                soln = next_soln;
                remaining_items = next_remaining;
                // found lexicographically smallest solution, break now
                found_next = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        assert (found_next);
    }
    soln = join_strings(soln, remaining_items[0]);

    return soln;
}

int main()
{
    string prev_soln;
    vector <string> items;
    size_t p = 1;
    for (size_t N = 1;; ++N) {
        for (++p; items.size() < N; ++p) {
            if (is_prime(p)) {
                char buf[99];
                snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%zu", p);
                items.push_back(buf);
                break;
            }
        }

        // Try to reuse previous solution (this works for N=11,30,32...)
        string soln;
        if (prev_soln.find(items.back()) != string::npos) {
            soln = prev_soln;
        } else {
            soln = smallest_containing_string(items);
        }
        printf("%s\n", soln.c_str());
        prev_soln = soln;
    }
}

Çevrimiçi deneyin!

Ve TIO'da sadece birinci sınıf sürüm . Üzgünüm, ama bu programları golf oynamadım ve bir uzunluk sınırı var.


İlişkisiz: Bunun yerine debug_dummykullanabilirsiniz #define DEBUG(x) void(0).
user202729

Şaşırtıcı! C / C ++ cevabını umuyordum. En kısa sürede çalıştırmayı deneyeceğim! Makinenizde ne kadar RAM var? Düzgün bir şekilde kıyasladığımda betiğiniz için mevcut olan miktarı maksimize etmeye çalışacağım.
18'de

user: Kullanıyorum debug_dummyçünkü hata ayıklama kapalı olsa bile değişkenlerin türünün kontrol edilmesini ve değerlendirilmesini istiyorum.
japh

@ maxb: ayrıca 16GB. Ancak N=32sadece 500 MB'a ihtiyacı var sanırım.
japh

1
Büyük gelişme! Bugün sonra çalıştırırım. Yukarıda yapıştırdığınız kod içermez main, ancak bunu TIO bağlantısından buldum.
maxb

13

JavaScript (Node.js) , 241 saniyede 24 puan aldı

Sonuçlar

  • bir(1)bir(21)
  • bir(22)=231129413434717353759619679
  • bir(23)=23112941343471735359619678379
  • bir(1)bir(24)

Algoritma

Bu, sayıları birleştirmenin tüm olası yollarını deneyen ve sonuçta bir yaprak düğümüne ulaşıldığında sonuçta elde edilen listeleri sıralı olarak sıralayan özyinelemeli bir aramadır.

xykxkykykx

Her yinelemenin başında, başka bir girişte bulunabilecek herhangi bir giriş listeden kaldırılır.

Ziyaret edilen düğümleri takip ederek önemli bir hızlanma sağlandı, böylece farklı operasyonlar aynı listeye ulaştığında erken iptal edilebilir.

İsimsiz bir kullanıcı Neil tarafından önerildiği gibi, bir kopya oluşturmak yerine, mümkün olduğunda listeyi güncelleyerek ve geri yükleyerek küçük bir hızlanma sağlandı .

Örnek

n=7[2,3,5,7,11,13,17]

[]                        // start with an empty list
[ 2 ]                     // append 2
[ 2, 3 ]                  // append 3
[ 2, 3, 5 ]               // append 5
[ 2, 3, 5, 7 ]            // append 7
[ 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 ]        // append 11
[ 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 ]    // append 13
[ 2, 5, 7, 11, 13 ]       // remove 3, which appears in 13
  [ 2, 5, 7, 113, 13 ]    //   try to merge 11 and 13 into 113
  [ 2, 5, 7, 113 ]        //   remove 13, which now appears in 113
  [ 2, 5, 7, 113, 17 ]    //   append 17
  [ 2, 5, 113, 17 ]       //   remove 7, which appears in 17
  --> leaf node: 1131725  //   new best result
[ 2, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 ]   // append 17
[ 2, 5, 11, 13, 17 ]      // remove 7, which appears in 17
  [ 2, 5, 113, 13, 17 ]   //   try to merge 11 and 13 into 113
  [ 2, 5, 113, 17 ]       //   remove 13, which now appears in 113
                          //   abort because this node was already visited
                          //   (it was a leaf node anyway, so we don't save much here)
  [ 2, 5, 117, 13, 17 ]   //   try to merge 11 and 17 into 117
  [ 2, 5, 117, 13 ]       //   remove 17, which now appears in 117
  --> leaf node: 1171325  //   not better than the previous one
--> leaf node: 11131725   // not better than the previous one

kod

Çevrimiçi deneyin!

let f = n => {
  let visited = {},
      a, d, k, best, search;

  // build the list of primes, as strings
  for(a = [ '2' ], n--, k = 3; n; k++) {
    for(d = k; k % (d -= 2);) {}
    d == 1 && n-- && a.push(k + '');
  }

  best = a.join('');

  // recursive search function
  (search = (a, n = 0, r = []) => {
    let x, y, i, j, k, s;

    // remove all entries in r[] that can be found in another entry
    r = r.filter((p, i) => !r.some((q, j) => i != j && ~q.indexOf(p)));

    // abort early if this node was already visited
    if(visited[r]) {
      return;
    }

    // otherwise, mark it as visited
    visited[r] = 1;

    // walk through all distinct pairs (x, y) in r[]
    for(i = 0; i < r.length; i++) {
      for(j = i + 1; j < r.length; j++) {
        x = r[i];
        y = r[j];

        // try to merge x and y if:
        // 1) the first k digits of x equal the last k digits of y
        for(k = 1; x.slice(0, k) == y.slice(-k); k++) {
          r[i] = y + x.slice(k);
          search(a, n, r);
        }

        // or:
        // 2) the first k digits of y equal the last k digits of x
        for(k = 1; y.slice(0, k) == x.slice(-k); k++) {
          r[i] = x + y.slice(k);
          search(a, n, r);
        }
        r[i] = x;
      }
    }

    if(x = a[n]) {
      // there are other primes to process, so go on with the next one
      search(a, n + 1, [...r, x]);
    }
    else {
      // this is a leaf node: see if we've improved our current score
      s = r.join('');

      if(s.length <= best.length) {
        s = r.sort().join('');

        if(s.length < best.length || s < best) {
          best = s;
        }
      }
    }
  })(a);

  return best;
}

2
Güzel iş bulma (18).
ouflak

Mükemmel cevap! JavaScript konusunda uzman değilim, ancak algoritma, Kevin Cruijssen'in neyin birbirine bağlandığı ile ilgili gibi görünüyor. Algoritmanın güzel bir açıklaması, minimum değeri bulacağınızı görmek kolaydır. JS'de şahsen kıyaslama yapmadım, tarayıcımda çalıştırabilir miyim veya tercih etmenin başka bir yolu var mı?
maks.

@ maxb Bunu bir tarayıcıda çalıştırmanızı tavsiye etmem, zira donması gibi. Node.js ile çalıştırılmak üzere tasarlanmıştır (TIO'da olduğu gibi).
Arnauld

10

Concorde TSP çözücü , 299 saniyede 84 puan

Peki… bunu sadece şimdi fark ettiğim için aptal hissediyorum.

Bütün bunlar esasen seyahat eden bir satıcı sorunudur . Her bir priming çifti için pve qeklediği hane sayısı q(üst üste binen rakamları kaldırarak) sayıları olan bir kenar ekleyin . Ayrıca, pağırlığı en uzun olan her asime bir başlangıç ​​kenarı ekleyin p. En kısa seyahat eden satıcı yolu, en küçük asal kontrol numarasının uzunluğuyla eşleşir.

Daha sonra Concorde gibi bir endüstriyel TSP çözücü bu problemi kısa sürede halledecektir.

Bu giriş muhtemelen rakipsiz olarak değerlendirilmelidir.

Sonuçlar

Çözücü N=350, yaklaşık 20 CPU saat içinde alır . Tam sonuçlar bir SE gönderisi için çok uzun ve OEIS zaten bu kadar çok terim istemiyor. İşte ilk 200:

1 2
2 23
3 235
4 2357
5 112357
6 113257
7 1131725
8 113171925
9 1131719235
10 113171923295
11 113171923295
12 1131719237295
13 11317237294195
14 1131723294194375
15 113172329419437475
16 1131723294194347537
17 113172329419434753759
18 2311329417434753759619
19 231132941743475375961967
20 2311294134347175375961967
21 23112941343471735375961967
22 231129413434717353759619679
23 23112941343471735359619678379
24 2311294134347173535961967837989
25 23112941343471735359619678378979
26 2310112941343471735359619678378979
27 231010329411343471735359619678378979
28 101031071132329417343475359619678378979
29 101031071091132329417343475359619678378979
30 101031071091132329417343475359619678378979
31 101031071091131272329417343475359619678378979
32 101031071091131272329417343475359619678378979
33 10103107109113127137232941734347535961967838979
34 10103107109113127137139232941734347535961967838979
35 10103107109113127137139149232941734347535961967838979
36 1010310710911312713713914923294151734347535961967838979
37 1010310710911312713713914915157232941734347535961967838979
38 1010310710911312713713914915157163232941734347535961967838979
39 10103107109113127137139149151571631672329417343475359619798389
40 10103107109113127137139149151571631672329417343475359619798389
41 1010310710911312713713914915157163167173232941794347535961978389
42 101031071091131271371391491515716316717323294179434753596181978389
43 101031071091131271371391491515716316723294173434753596181917978389
44 101031071091131271371391491515716316717323294179434753596181919383897
45 10103107109113127137139149151571631671731792329418191934347535961978389
46 10103107109113127137139149151571631671731791819193232941974347535961998389
47 101031071091271313714915157163167173179181919321139232941974347535961998389
48 1010310710912713137149151571631671731791819193211392232941974347535961998389
49 1010310710912713137149151571631671731791819193211392232272941974347535961998389
50 10103107109127131371491515716316717317918191932113922322722941974347535961998389
51 101031071091271313714915157163167173179181919321139223322722941974347535961998389
52 101031071091271313714915157163167173179181919321139223322722923941974347535961998389
53 1010310710912713137149151571631671731791819193211392233227229239241974347535961998389
54 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251974347535961998389
55 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251972574347535961998389
56 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251972572634347535961998389
57 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251972572632694347535961998389
58 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251972572632694347535961998389
59 1010310710912713137149151571631671731792113922332277229239241819193251972572632694347535961998389
60 101031071091271313714915157163167173211392233227722923924179251819193257263269281974347535961998389
61 1010310710912713137149151571631671732113922332277229239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
62 10103107109127131371491515716316717321139223322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
63 1010307107109127131371491515716316717321139223322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
64 10103071071091271311371391491515716316721173223322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
65 10103071071091271311371491515716313916721173223322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
66 10103071071091271311371491515716313921167223317322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
67 10103071071091271311371491515716313921167223317322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
68 1010307107109127131137149151571631392116722331732277229323924179251819193257263269281972833743475359619989
69 1010307107109127131137149151571631392116722331732277229323924179251819193257263269281972833743475359619989
70 101030710710912713113714915157163139211672233173227722932392417925181919325726326928197283374347534959619989
71 101030710710912713113714915157163139211672233173227722932392417925181919325726337269281972834743534959619989
72 101030710710912713113714915157163139211672233173227722932392417925181919337257263472692819728349435359619989
73 10103071071091271311371491515716313921167223317322772293372392417925181919347257263492692819728353594367619989
74 101030710710912713113714915157163139211672233173227722932392417925181919337347257263492692819728353594367619989
75 1010307107109127131137313914915157163211672233173227722933792392417925181919347257263492692819728353594367619989
76 101030710710912713113731391491515716321167223317322772293379239241792518191934725726349269281972835359438367619989
77 101030710710912713113731391491515716321167223317337922772293472392417925181919349257263535926928197283674383896199
78 1010307107109127131137313914915157163211672233173379227722934723972417925181919349257263535926928197283674383896199
79 101030710710912713113731391491515721163223317337922772293472397241672517925726349269281819193535928367401974383896199
80 101030710710912713113731391491515721163223317337922772293472397241672517925726349269281819193535928367401974094383896199
81 101030710710912713113731391491515721163223317337922772293472397241916725179257263492692818193535928367401974094383896199
82 1010307107109127131137313914915157223317322772293379239724191634725167257263492692817928353594018193674094211974383896199
83 1010307107109127131137313914922331515722772293379239724191634725167257263492692817353592836740181938389409421197431796199
84 101030710710912713113731391492233151572277229323972419163472516725726349269281735359283674018193838940942119743179433796199
85 101030710710912713113731391492233151572277229323924191634725167257263492692817353592836740181938389409421197431794337943976199
86 1010307107109127131137313914922331515722772293239241916347251672572634926928173535928367401819383894094211974317943379443976199
87 1010307107109127131137313914922331515722772293239241916347251672572634926928173535928367401819383894094211974317943379443974496199
88 1010307107109127131137313914922331515722772293239241916347251672572634926928173535928367401819383894094211974317943379443974494576199
89 10103071071091271311373139149223315157227722932392419163472516725726349269281735359283674018193838940942119743179433794439744945746199
90 10103071071091271311373139149223315157227722932392419163251672572634726928173492835359401819367409421197431794337944397449457461994638389
91 10103071071091271311373139149223315157227722932392419163251672572634726928173492835359401819367409421197431794337944397449457461994638389467
92 101030710710912713113731391492233151572277229323924191632516725726347926928173492835359401819367409421197431794337944397449457461994638389467
93 101030710710912713113731391492233151572277229323924191632516725726347926928173492835359401819367409421197431794337944397449457461994638389467487
94 101030710710912713113731392233149151572277229323924191632516725726347926928173492835359401819367409421197431794337944397449457461994638389467487
95 1010307107109127131137313922331491515722772293239241916325167257263479269281734928353594018193674094211974317943379443974499457461994638389467487
96 1010307107109127131137313922331491515722772293239241916325167257263269281734792834940181935359409421197431794337944397449945746199463674674875038389
97 1010307107109127131137313922331491515722772293239241916325167257263269281734792834940181935359409421197431794337944397449945746199463674674875038389509
98 101030710710912713113732233139227722932392419149151572516325726326928167283479401734940942118193535943179433794439744994574619746367467487503838950952199
99 1010307107109127131137322331392277229324191491515725163257263269281672834794017349409421181935359431794337944394499457461974636746748750383895095219952397
100 101030710710922331127131373227722932414915157251632572632692816728347940173494094211394317943379443944994574618191935359463674674875038389509521975239754199
101 101030710710922331127131373227722932414915157251632572632692816728347401734940942113943179433794439449945746181919353594636746748750383895095219752397541995479
102 101030710710922331127131373227722932414915157251632572632692816728347401734940942113943179433794439449945746181919353594636746748750383895095219752397541995479557
103 101030710710922331127131373227722932414915157251632572632692816728340173474094211394317943379443944945746181919349946353594674875036750952197523975419954795575638389
104 101030710710922331127131373227722932414915157251632572632692816728340173474094211394317943379443944945746181919349946353594674875036750952197523975419954795575638389569
105 101030710722331109227127722932413137325149151571632572632692816728340173474094211394317943379443944945746181919349946353594674875036750952197523975419954795575638389569
106 1010307107223311092271277229324131373251491515716325726326928167283401734740942113943179433794439449457461819193499463535946748750367509521975239754199547955775638389569
107 1010307107223311092271277229324131373251491515716325726326928167283401734740942113943179433794439449457461819193499463535946748750367509521975239754199547955775638389569587
108 10103071072233110922712772293241313732514915157163257263269281672834017340942113943179433794439449457461819193474634994674875035359367509521975239754199547955775638389569587
109 10103071072233110922712772293241313732514915157163257263269281672834017340942113943179433794439449457461819193474634994674875035359367509521975239754199547955775638389569587599
110 1010307223311072271092293241277251313732571491515726326928163283401674094211394317343379443944945746179463474674875034995095218191935359367523975419754795577563838956958759960199
111 1010307223311072271092293241277251313732571491515726326928163283401674094211394317343379443944945746179463474674875034995095218191935359367523975419754795577563838956958759960199607
112 1010307223311072271092293241277251491515716325726326928167283401734094211313734317943379443944945746139463474674875034995095218191935359367523975419754795577563838956958759960199607
113 22331101030722710722932410925127725714915157263269281632834016740942113137343173433794439449457461394634746748750349950952181919353593675239754197547955775638389569587599601996076179
114 2233110103072271072293241092512571277263269281491515728340163409421131373431734337944394494574613946347467487503499509521675239754191819353593675479557756383895695875996019760761796199
115 22331010307227107229324109251257126311277269281491515728340163409421131373431734337944394494574613946347467487503499509521675239754191819353593675479557756383895695875996019760761796199
116 22331010307227107229324109251257126311269281277283401491515740942113137343173433794439449457461394634674875034750952163499523975416754795577563535936756958759960181919383896076179619764199
117 223310103072271072293241092512571263112692812772834014915157409421131373431734433794494574613946346748750347509521634995239541675479557756353593675695875996018191938389607617961976419964397
118 223310103072271072293241092512571263112692812772834014915157409421131373431734433794494574613946346748750347509521634995239541675475577563535936756958759960181919383896076179619764199643976479
119 223310103072271072293241092512571263112692812772834014915157409421131373431734433794494574613946346748750347509521634995239541675475577563535695875935996018191936760761796197641996439764796538389
120 2233101030722710722932410925125712631126928127728340149151574094211313734317344337944945746139463467487503475095216349952395416754755775635356958760181919359367607617961976419964397647965383896599
121 22331010307227107229324109251257126311269281277283401491515740942113137343173443379449457461394634674875034750952163499523954167547557756353569587601819193593676076179641976439764796538389659966199
122 223310103072271072293241092512571263112692812772834014915157409421131373431734433794494574613946346734748750349950952163523954167547557756353569587601819193593676076179641976439764796538389659966199
123 2233101030722710722932410925125712631126928127728340149151574094211313734317344337944945746139463467347487503499509521635239541675475577563535695876018191935936776076179641976439764796538389659966199
124 2233101030722710722932410925125712631126928127728340149151574094211313734317344337944945746139463467347487503499509521635239541675475577563535695876018191935936076179641976439764796536776599661996838389
125 22331010307227107229324109251257126311269127728128340149151574094211313734317344337944945746139463467347487503499509521635239541675475577563535695876018191935936076179641976439764796536776599661996838389
126 2233101030701072271092293241251257126311269127728128340149151574094211313734317344337944945746139463467347487503499509521635239541675475577563535695876018191935936076179641976439764796536776599661996838389
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128 223310103070107092271092293241251257191263112691277281283401491515740942113137343173443379449457461394634673474875034995095216352395416754755775635356958760181935936076179641976439764796536776599661996838389
129 22331010307010709227109229324125125719126311269127277281283401491515740942113137343173443379449457461394634673474875034995095216352395416754755775635356958760181935936076179641976439764796536776599661996838389
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131 2233070101032270922932410725109257126311269127191281283401409421131373314915157277431734433794494574613946346739487503475095216349952395416754755775635356958760181935936076179641976439764796536776599661996838389
132 2233070101032270922932410725109257126311269127191281283401409421131373314915157277431734433794494574613946346739487503475095216349952395416754755775635356958760181935936076179641976439764796536776599661996838389
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135 22330701010322709229324107251092571263112691271912812834014094211313733144317344914945727743379461394634673948750347509521515751634995239541675475575635356958757760181935936076179641976439764796536776599661996838389
136 2233070101032270922932410725109257126311269127191281283401409421131373314431734491494572774337946139463467394875034750952151575163499523954167547557563535695875776018193593607617964197643976479653677696599661996838389
137 22330701010322709229324107251092571263112691271912812834014094211313733144317344914945727734613946346739487433795034750952151575163499523954167547557563535695875776018193593607617964197643976479653677696599661996838389
138 2233070101032270922932410725109257126311269127191281283401409421131373314431734491494572773461394634673948743379503475095215157516349952395416754755756353569587577601819359360761796419764397647965367787696599661996838389
139 22330701010322709229324107251092571263112691271912812834014094211313733144317344914945727734613946346739487433795034750952151575163499523954167547557563535695875776018193593607617964197643976479765367787696599661996838389
140 22330701010322709229324107251092571263112691271912812834014094211313733144317344914945727734613946346739487433795034750952151575163499523954167547557563535695875776018193593607617964197643976479765367787696599661996838389809
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kod

İşte Concorde çözücüsünü, çözümleri inşa edene kadar tekrar tekrar çağırmak için kullanılan bir Python 3 betiği.

Concorde akademik kullanım için ücretsizdir. Kendi doğrusal programlama paketi QSopt ile oluşturulmuş bir çalıştırılabilir Concorde ikili dosyasını indirebilirsiniz veya bir şekilde IBM CPLEX için bir lisansınız varsa, Concorde'u CPLEX kullanmak için kaynaktan kurabilirsiniz .

#!/usr/bin/env python3
'''
Find prime containment numbers (OEIS A054261) using the Concorde
TSP solver.

The n-th prime containment number is the smallest natural number
which, when written in decimal, contains the first n primes.
'''

import argparse
import itertools
import os
import sys
import subprocess
import tempfile

def join_strings(a, b):
  '''Shortest string that starts with a and ends with b.'''
  for overlap in range(min(len(a), len(b)), 0, - 1):
    if a[-overlap:] == b[:overlap]:
      return a + b[overlap:]
  return a + b

def is_prime(n):
  if n < 2:
    return False
  d = 2
  while d*d <= n:
    if n % d == 0:
      return False
    d += 1
  return True

def prime_list_reduced(n):
  '''First n primes, with primes that are substrings of other
     primes removed.'''
  primes = []
  p = 2
  while len(primes) < n:
    if is_prime(p):
      primes.append(p)
    p += 1

  reduced = []
  for p in primes:
    if all(p == q or str(p) not in str(q) for q in primes):
      reduced.append(p)
  return reduced

# w_med is an offset for actual weights
# (we use zero as a dummy weight when splitting nodes)
w_med = 10**4
# w_big blocks edges from being taken
w_big = 10**8

def gen_tsplib(prefix, strs, start_candidates):
  '''Generate TSP formulation in TSPLIB format.

     Returns a TSPLIB format string that encodes the length of the
     shortest string starting with 'prefix' and containing all 'strs'.

     start_candidates is the set of strings that solution paths are
     allowed to start with.
     '''
  N = len(strs)

  # Concorde only supports symmetric TSPs. Therefore we encode the
  # asymmetric TSP instances by doubling each node.
  node_in = lambda i: 2*i
  node_out = lambda i: node_in(i) + 1
  # 2*(N+1) nodes because we add an artificial node with index N
  # for the start/end of the tour. This node is also doubled.
  num_nodes = 2*(N+1)

  # Ensure special offsets are big enough
  assert w_med > len(prefix) + sum(map(len, strs))
  assert w_big > w_med * num_nodes

  weight = [[w_big] * num_nodes for _ in range(num_nodes)]
  def edge(src, dest, w):
    weight[node_out(src)][node_in(dest)] = w
    weight[node_in(dest)][node_out(src)] = w

  # link every incoming node with the matching outgoing node
  for i in range(N+1):
    weight[node_in(i)][node_out(i)] = 0
    weight[node_out(i)][node_in(i)] = 0

  for i, p in enumerate(strs):
    if p in start_candidates:
      prefix_w = len(join_strings(prefix, p))
      # Initial length
      edge(N, i, w_med + prefix_w)
    else:
      edge(N, i, w_big)
    # Link every str to the end to allow closed tours
    edge(i, N, w_med)

  for i, p in enumerate(strs):
    for j, q in enumerate(strs):
      if i != j:
        w = len(join_strings(p, q)) - len(p)
        edge(i, j, w_med + w)

  out = '''NAME: prime-containment-number
TYPE: TSP
DIMENSION: %d
EDGE_WEIGHT_TYPE: EXPLICIT
EDGE_WEIGHT_FORMAT: FULL_MATRIX
EDGE_WEIGHT_SECTION
''' % num_nodes

  out += '\n'.join(
    ' '.join(str(w) for w in row)
    for row in weight
  ) + '\n'

  out += 'EOF\n'
  return out

def parse_tour_soln(prefix, strs, text):
  '''This constructs the solution from Concorde's 'tour' output format.
     The format simply consists of a permutation of the graph nodes.'''
  N = len(strs)
  node_in = lambda i: 2*i
  node_out = lambda i: node_in(i) + 1
  nums = list(map(int, text.split()))

  # The file starts with the number of nodes
  assert nums[0] == 2*(N+1)
  nums = nums[1:]

  # Then it should list a permutation of all nodes
  assert len(nums) == 2*(N+1)

  # Find and remove the artificial starting point
  start = nums.index(node_out(N))
  nums = nums[start+1:] + nums[:start]
  # Also find and remove the end point
  if nums[-1] == node_in(N):
    nums = nums[:-1]
  elif nums[0] == node_in(N):
    # Tour printed in reverse order
    nums = reversed(nums[1:])
  else:
    assert False, 'bad TSP tour'
  soln = prefix
  for i in nums:
    # each prime appears in two adjacent nodes, pick one arbitrarily
    if i % 2 == 0:
      soln = join_strings(soln, strs[i // 2])
  return soln

def scs_length(prefix, strs, start_candidates, concorde_path, concorde_verbose):
  '''Find length of shortest containing string using one call to Concorde.'''
  # Concorde's small-input solver CCHeldKarp, tends to fail with the
  # cryptic error message 'edge too long'. Brute force instead
  if len(strs) <= 5:
    best = len(prefix) + sum(map(len, strs))
    for perm in itertools.permutations(range(len(strs))):
      if perm and strs[perm[0]] not in start_candidates:
        continue
      soln = prefix
      for i in perm:
        soln = join_strings(soln, strs[i])
      best = min(best, len(soln))
    return best

  with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tempdir:
    concorde_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), concorde_path)
    with open(os.path.join(tempdir, 'prime.tsplib'), 'w') as f:
      f.write(gen_tsplib(prefix, strs, start_candidates))

    if concorde_verbose:
      subprocess.check_call([concorde_path, os.path.join(tempdir, 'prime.tsplib')],
                            cwd=tempdir)
    else:
      try:
        subprocess.check_output([concorde_path, os.path.join(tempdir, 'prime.tsplib')],
                                cwd=tempdir, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
      except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        print('Concorde exited with error code %d\nOutput log:\n%s' %
              (e.returncode, e.stdout.decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')),
              file=sys.stderr)
        raise

    with open(os.path.join(tempdir, 'prime.sol'), 'r') as f:
      soln = parse_tour_soln(prefix, strs, f.read())
    return len(soln)

# Cache results from previous N's
pcn_solve_cache = {} # (prefix fragment, strs) -> soln

def pcn(n, concorde_path, concorde_verbose):
  '''Find smallest prime containment number for first n primes.'''
  strs = list(map(str, prime_list_reduced(n)))
  target_length = scs_length('', strs, strs, concorde_path, concorde_verbose)

  def solve(prefix, strs, target_length):
    if not strs:
      return prefix

    # Extract part of prefix that is relevant to cache
    prefix_fragment = ''
    for s in strs:
      next_prefix = join_strings(prefix, s)
      overlap = len(prefix) + len(s) - len(next_prefix)
      fragment = prefix[len(prefix) - overlap:]
      if len(fragment) > len(prefix_fragment):
        prefix_fragment = fragment
    fixed_prefix = prefix[:len(prefix) - len(prefix_fragment)]
    assert fixed_prefix + prefix_fragment == prefix

    cache_key = (prefix_fragment, tuple(strs))
    if cache_key in pcn_solve_cache:
      return fixed_prefix + pcn_solve_cache[cache_key]

    # Not in cache, we need to calculate it.
    soln = None

    # Try strings in ascending order until scs_length reports a
    # solution with equal length. That string will be the
    # lexicographically smallest extension of our solution.
    next_prefixes = sorted((join_strings(prefix, s), s)
                           for s in strs)

    # Try first string -- often works
    next_prefix, _ = next_prefixes[0]
    next_prefixes = next_prefixes[1:]
    next_strs = [s for s in strs if s not in next_prefix]
    next_length = scs_length(next_prefix, next_strs, next_strs,
                             concorde_path, concorde_verbose)
    if next_length == target_length:
      soln = solve(next_prefix, next_strs, next_length)
    else:
      # If not, do a weighted binary search on remaining strings
      while len(next_prefixes) > 1:
        split = (len(next_prefixes) + 2) // 3
        group = next_prefixes[:split]
        group_length = scs_length(prefix, strs, [s for _, s in group],
                                  concorde_path, concorde_verbose)
        if group_length == target_length:
          next_prefixes = group
        else:
          next_prefixes = next_prefixes[split:]
      if next_prefixes:
        next_prefix, _ = next_prefixes[0]
        next_strs = [s for s in strs if s not in next_prefix]
        check = True
        # Uncomment if paranoid
        #next_length = scs_length(next_prefix, next_strs, next_strs,
        #                         concorde_path, concorde_verbose)
        #check = (next_length == target_length)
        if check:
          soln = solve(next_prefix, next_strs, target_length)

    assert soln is not None, (
      'solve failed! prefix=%r, strs=%r, target_length=%d' %
      (prefix, strs, target_length))

    pcn_solve_cache[cache_key] = soln[len(fixed_prefix):]
    return soln

  return solve('', strs, target_length)

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--concorde', type=str, default='concorde',
                    help='path to Concorde binary')
parser.add_argument('--verbose', action='store_true',
                    help='dump all Concorde output')
parser.add_argument('--start', type=int, metavar='N', default=1,
                    help='start at this N')
parser.add_argument('--end', type=int, metavar='N', default=1000000,
                    help='stop after this N')
parser.add_argument('--one', type=int, metavar='N',
                    help='solve for a single N and exit')

def main():
  opts = parser.parse_args(sys.argv[1:])

  if opts.one is not None:
    opts.start = opts.one
    opts.end = opts.one

  prev_soln = ''
  for n in range(opts.start, opts.end+1):
    primes = map(str, prime_list_reduced(n))
    if all(p in prev_soln for p in primes):
      soln = prev_soln
    else:
      soln = pcn(n, opts.concorde, opts.verbose)

    print('%d %s' % (n, soln))
    sys.stdout.flush()
    prev_soln = soln

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

Bu sadece inanılmaz. Problem NP-tamamlandığından teorik olarak onu TSP'ye dönüştürebileceğinizi biliyordum. Ama bir TSP çözücü kullanarak doğruca zekice! Bugün daha sonra kıyaslamam gerekecek, ancak bunun şu ana kadarki en hızlı çözüm olacağından eminim.
maxb

Ayrıca her iki çözümünüzün de ilk 62 numara için aynı sonucu verdiğini doğruladım. Bu çözüm ne kadar hafıza gerektiriyor? Eski dizüstü bilgisayarımı birkaç gün boyunca sayıları çarparak çalışmaya koyabilirim.
maxb

Ben de senin kadar şaşkınım. Bundan önce, benim TSP çözücülerine dair zihinsel modelim şehirler, havaalanları, depolar, vb. Öklid mesafesindeki turları içeren senaryolarla sınırlıydı. Dilimleri ılık tereyağı gibi içlerinden geçirin.
japh

Concorde çözücü, denetleyen Python komut dosyasından bile daha az RAM kullanır.
japh

Harika sonuçlar! Bunu göndermeden önce bu zorluk nedeniyle Concorde sitesini zaten ziyaret ettim, ancak daha sonra muhtemelen denemeye değmeyeceğini düşündüm. Her neyse, OEIS'in tüm sonuçlarınla ​​ilgilendiğinden eminim. Onları en fazla 1000 basamaklı sonuçlar için b dosyası ve daha uzun sonuçlar için bir dosya olarak verin.
Christian Sievers

9

Temiz , 231 saniyede 25 puan (resmi skor)

Sonuçlar

  • 1 < n <= 23içinde 42 TIO 36 saniye
  • n = 24 (2311294134347173535961967837989)içinde 32 24 saniye lokal
  • n = 25 (23112941343471735359619678378979)içinde 210 160 saniye lokal
  • n = 1için n = 25resmi puanlama 231 saniye içinde bulunmuştur (maxb tarafından derlenmiştir)

Bu, yüksek hız kazanmak için özel bir ağaç seti kullanarak, özyinelemeli reddetmeye dayanan Arnauld'un JS çözümüne benzer bir yaklaşım kullanıyor.

Sayıya uyması gereken her asal için:

  1. asal bir başka asalın alt dizesi olup olmadığını kontrol edin ve öyleyse kaldırın.
  2. Geçerli asal alt dizelerin geçerli listesini sıralayın, birleştirin ve dengeli ağaç kümesine ekleyin
  3. Herhangi bir astarın diğerlerinin önüne sığıp uymadığını kontrol edin ve eğer öyleyse, onlara katılın - zaten reddetme aşaması tarafından test edilen bitişik sıralı elemanları görmezden gelin

Ardından, katıldığımız her bir alt dizgi çifti için, birleştirilmiş çiftin alt dizgilerini alt dizeler listesinden kaldırın ve üzerine tekrar uygulayın.

Başka alt dizgiler artık özyinelememizin herhangi bir kolundaki diğer alt dizgilere birleştirilemediğinde, alt dizeleri içeren en düşük sayıyı hızlı bir şekilde bulmak için önceden sıralanan ağacı kullanırız.

İyileştirilecek / eklenecek şeyler:

  • Tüm arama alanına izin vermekten uzak durun, bunun yerine adaylar oluşturun
  • Ön ek / Sonek tabanlı aday oluşturma
  • Çok parçalı, iş parçacığı sayısına eşit önekleri üzerinden iş bölme

Birleştirme denemesi adımı ve aday reddetme adımı tarafından yinelenen işlem arasında 19 -> 20ve 24 -> 25nedeniyle büyük performans düşüşleri oldu , ancak bunlar düzeltildi.

optimizasyonları:

  • removeOverlap zaten her zaman en uygun sırada olan bir dizi alt dizeyi vermek için tasarlanmıştır
  • uInsertMSpec Üye olup olmadığını kontrol et ve yeni üye üyeliğini bir küme geçişine indirdi
  • containmentNumbersSt önceki çözümün yeni bir numara için çalışıp çalışmadığını kontrol eder.
module main
import StdEnv,StdOverloadedList,_SystemEnumStrict
import Data.List,Data.Func,Data.Maybe,Data.Array
import Text,Text.GenJSON

// adapted from Data.Set to work with a single specific type, and persist uniqueness
:: Set a = Tip | Bin !Int a !.(Set a) !.(Set a)
derive JSONEncode Set
derive JSONDecode Set

delta :== 4
ratio :== 2

:: NumberType :== String

:: SetType :== NumberType

//uSingleton :: SetType -> Set
uSingleton x :== (Bin 1 x Tip Tip)

// adapted from Data.Set to work with a single specific type, and persist uniqueness
uFindMin :: !.(Set .a) -> .a
uFindMin (Bin _ x Tip _) = x
uFindMin (Bin _ _ l _)   = uFindMin l

uSize set :== case set of
	Tip = (0, Tip)
	s=:(Bin sz _ _ _) = (sz, s)
	
uMemberSpec :: String !u:(Set String) -> .(.Bool, v:(Set String)), [u <= v]
uMemberSpec x Tip = (False, Tip)
uMemberSpec x set=:(Bin s y l r)
	| sx < sy || sx == sy && x < y
		# (t, l) = uMemberSpec x l
		= (t, Bin s y l r)
		//= (t, if(t)(\y` l` r` = Bin sz y` l` r`) uBalanceL y l r)
	| sx > sy || sx == sy && x > y
		# (t, r) = uMemberSpec x r
		= (t, Bin s y l r)
		//= (t, if(t)(\y` l` r` = Bin sz y` l` r`) uBalanceR y l r)
	| otherwise = (True, set)
where
	sx = size x
	sy = size y

uInsertM :: !(a a -> .Bool) -> (a u:(Set a) -> v:(.Bool, w:(Set a))), [v u <= w]
uInsertM cmp = uInsertM`
where
	//uInsertM` :: a (Set a) -> (Bool, Set a)
	uInsertM` x Tip = (False, uSingleton x)
	uInsertM` x set=:(Bin _ y l r)
		| cmp x y//sx < sy || sx == sy && x < y
			# (t, l) = uInsertM` x l
			= (t, uBalanceL y l r)
			//= (t, if(t)(\y` l` r` = Bin sz y` l` r`) uBalanceL y l r)
		| cmp y x//sx > sy || sx == sy && x > y
			# (t, r) = uInsertM` x r
			= (t, uBalanceR y l r)
			//= (t, if(t)(\y` l` r` = Bin sz y` l` r`) uBalanceR y l r)
		| otherwise = (True, set)
		
uInsertMCmp :: a !u:(Set a) -> .(.Bool, v:(Set a)) | Enum a, [u <= v]
uInsertMCmp x Tip = (False, uSingleton x)
uInsertMCmp x set=:(Bin _ y l r)
	| x < y
		# (t, l) = uInsertMCmp x l
		= (t, uBalanceL y l r)
		//= (t, if(t)(\y` l` r` = Bin sz y` l` r`) uBalanceL y l r)
	| x > y
		# (t, r) = uInsertMCmp x r
		= (t, uBalanceR y l r)
		//= (t, if(t)(\y` l` r` = Bin sz y` l` r`) uBalanceR y l r)
	| otherwise = (True, set)

uInsertMSpec :: NumberType !u:(Set NumberType) -> .(.Bool, v:(Set NumberType)), [u <= v]
uInsertMSpec x Tip = (False, uSingleton x)
uInsertMSpec x set=:(Bin sz y l r)
	| sx < sy || sx == sy && x < y
		#! (t, l) = uInsertMSpec x l
		= (t, uBalanceL y l r)
		//= (t, if(t)(\y` l` r` = Bin sz y` l` r`) uBalanceL y l r)
	| sx > sy || sx == sy && x > y
		#! (t, r) = uInsertMSpec x r
		= (t, uBalanceR y l r)
		//= (t, Bin sz y l r)
		//= (t, if(t)(\y` l` r` = Bin sz y` l` r`) uBalanceR y l r)
	| otherwise = (True, set)
where
	sx = size x
	sy = size y

// adapted from Data.Set to work with a single specific type, and persist uniqueness
uBalanceL :: .a !u:(Set .a) !v:(Set .a) -> w:(Set .a), [v u <= w]
//a .(Set a) .(Set a) -> .(Set a)
uBalanceL x Tip Tip
	= Bin 1 x Tip Tip
uBalanceL x l=:(Bin _ _ Tip Tip) Tip
	= Bin 2 x l Tip
uBalanceL x l=:(Bin _ lx Tip (Bin _ lrx _ _)) Tip
	= Bin 3 lrx (Bin 1 lx Tip Tip) (Bin 1 x Tip Tip)
uBalanceL x l=:(Bin _ lx ll=:(Bin _ _ _ _) Tip) Tip
	= Bin 3 lx ll (Bin 1 x Tip Tip)
uBalanceL x l=:(Bin ls lx ll=:(Bin lls _ _ _) lr=:(Bin lrs lrx lrl lrr)) Tip
	| lrs < ratio*lls
		= Bin (1+ls) lx ll (Bin (1+lrs) x lr Tip)
	# (lrls, lrl) = uSize lrl
	# (lrrs, lrr) = uSize lrr
	| otherwise
		= Bin (1+ls) lrx (Bin (1+lls+lrls) lx ll lrl) (Bin (1+lrrs) x lrr Tip)
uBalanceL x Tip r=:(Bin rs _ _ _)
	= Bin (1+rs) x Tip r
uBalanceL x l=:(Bin ls lx ll=:(Bin lls _ _ _) lr=:(Bin lrs lrx lrl lrr)) r=:(Bin rs _ _ _)
	| ls > delta*rs
		| lrs < ratio*lls
			= Bin (1+ls+rs) lx ll (Bin (1+rs+lrs) x lr r)
		# (lrls, lrl) = uSize lrl
		# (lrrs, lrr) = uSize lrr
		| otherwise
			= Bin (1+ls+rs) lrx (Bin (1+lls+lrls) lx ll lrl) (Bin (1+rs+lrrs) x lrr r)
	| otherwise
		= Bin (1+ls+rs) x l r
uBalanceL x l=:(Bin ls _ _ _) r=:(Bin rs _ _ _)
	= Bin (1+ls+rs) x l r

// adapted from Data.Set to work with a single specific type, and persist uniqueness
uBalanceR :: .a !u:(Set .a) !v:(Set .a) -> w:(Set .a), [v u <= w]
uBalanceR x Tip Tip
	= Bin 1 x Tip Tip
uBalanceR x Tip r=:(Bin _ _ Tip Tip)
	= Bin 2 x Tip r
uBalanceR x Tip r=:(Bin _ rx Tip rr=:(Bin _ _ _ _))
	= Bin 3 rx (Bin 1 x Tip Tip) rr
uBalanceR x Tip r=:(Bin _ rx (Bin _ rlx _ _) Tip)
	= Bin 3 rlx (Bin 1 x Tip Tip) (Bin 1 rx Tip Tip)
uBalanceR x Tip r=:(Bin rs rx rl=:(Bin rls rlx rll rlr) rr=:(Bin rrs _ _ _))
	| rls < ratio*rrs
		= Bin (1+rs) rx (Bin (1+rls) x Tip rl) rr
	# (rlls, rll) = uSize rll
	# (rlrs, rlr) = uSize rlr
	| otherwise
		= Bin (1+rs) rlx (Bin (1+rlls) x Tip rll) (Bin (1+rrs+rlrs) rx rlr rr)
uBalanceR x l=:(Bin ls _ _ _) Tip
	= Bin (1+ls) x l Tip
uBalanceR x l=:(Bin ls _ _ _) r=:(Bin rs rx rl=:(Bin rls rlx rll rlr) rr=:(Bin rrs _ _ _))
	| rs > delta*ls
		| rls < ratio*rrs
			= Bin (1+ls+rs) rx (Bin (1+ls+rls) x l rl) rr
		# (rlls, rll) = uSize rll
		# (rlrs, rlr) = uSize rlr
		| otherwise
			= Bin (1+ls+rs) rlx (Bin (1+ls+rlls) x l rll) (Bin (1+rrs+rlrs) rx rlr rr)	
	| otherwise
		= Bin (1+ls+rs) x l r
uBalanceR x l=:(Bin ls _ _ _) r=:(Bin rs _ _ _)
	= Bin (1+ls+rs) x l r
		
primes :: [Int]
primes =: [2: [i \\ i <- [3, 5..] | let
		checks :: [Int]
		checks = TakeWhile (\n . i >= n*n) primes
	in All (\n . i rem n <> 0) checks]]

primePrefixes :: [[NumberType]]
primePrefixes =: (Scan removeOverlap [|] [toString p \\ p <- primes])

removeOverlap :: !u:[NumberType] NumberType -> v:[NumberType], [u <= v]
removeOverlap [|] nsub = [|nsub]
removeOverlap [|h: t] nsub
	| indexOf h nsub <> -1
		= removeOverlap t nsub
	| nsub > h
		= [|h: removeOverlap t nsub]
	| otherwise
		= [|nsub, h: Filter (\s = indexOf s nsub == -1) t]

tryMerge :: !NumberType !NumberType -> .Maybe .NumberType
tryMerge a b = first_prefix (max (size a - size b) 0)
where
	sa = size a - 1
	max_len = min sa (size b - 1)
	first_prefix :: !Int -> .Maybe .NumberType
	first_prefix n
		| n > max_len
			= Nothing
		| b%(0,sa-n) == a%(n,sa)
			= Just (a%(0,n-1) +++. b)
		| otherwise
			= first_prefix (inc n)

mergeString :: !NumberType !NumberType -> .NumberType
mergeString a b = first_prefix (max (size a - size b) 0) 
where
	sa = size a - 1
	first_prefix :: !Int -> .NumberType
	first_prefix n
		| b%(0,sa-n) == a%(n,sa)
			= a%(0,n-1) +++. b
		| n == sa
			= a +++. b
		| otherwise
			= first_prefix (inc n)
	
// todo: keep track of merges that we make independent of the resulting whole number
mapCandidatePermsSt :: ![[NumberType]] !u:(Set .NumberType) -> v:(Set NumberType), [u <= v]
mapCandidatePermsSt [|] returnSet = returnSet
mapCandidatePermsSt [h:t] returnSet
	#! (mem, returnSet) = uInsertMSpec (foldl mergeString "" h) returnSet
	= let merges = [removeOverlap h y \\ [x:u=:[_:v]] <- tails h, (Just y) <- Map (tryMerge x) v ++| Map (flip tryMerge x) u]
	in (mapCandidatePermsSt t o if(mem) id (mapCandidatePermsSt merges)) returnSet

containmentNumbersSt =: Tl (containmentNumbersSt` primePrefixes "")
where
	containmentNumbersSt` [p:pref] prev
		| all (\e = indexOf e prev <> -1) p
			= [prev: containmentNumbersSt` pref prev]
		| otherwise
			#! next = uFindMin (mapCandidatePermsSt [p] Tip)
			= [next: containmentNumbersSt` pref next]

minFinder :== (\a b = let sa = size a; sb = size b in if(sa == sb) (a < b) (sa < sb))

Start = [(i, ' ', n, "\n") \\ i <- [1..] & n <- containmentNumbersSt]

Çevrimiçi deneyin!

Şuraya kaydet main.iclve derle:clm -fusion -b -IL Dynamics -IL StdEnv -IL Platform main

Bu , program tarafından kullanılacak megabayt olarak kullanılacak belleğin nerede olduğu a.outgibi çalıştırılması gereken bir dosya oluşturur . (Yığını genel olarak 50 MB’a ayarladım, ancak nadiren programlar bile bu kadar kullanıyor.)a.out -h <heap_size>M -s <stack_size>M<heap_size> + <stack_size>


2

Scala , skor 137

Düzenle:

Buradaki kod sorunu basitleştirir.

Böylece, çözüm birçok girdi için işe yarar, ancak herkes için değil.


Orijinal Gönderi:

Temel fikir

Basit sorun

n

Öncelikle, biz zaten asalların alt dizeleri olan asal kümeleri oluşturur ve kaldırırız. Ardından, birden çok kural uygulayabiliriz, yani bir dizide biten sadece bir dize varsa ve aynı diziyle başlayan yalnızca bir tane varsa, bunları birleştirebiliriz. Bir diğeri, bir dizgenin aynı diziyle (101'in yaptığı gibi) başlar ve biterse, bittiğini değiştirmeden başka bir dizgeye ekleyebilir / ekleyebiliriz. (Bu kurallar yalnızca belirli koşullar altında ortaya çıkar, bu yüzden ne zaman uygulanırsa dikkatli olun)

n

O(n4)

n=128

Gerçek sorun

k

10103..............
     ^ we want to know this digit

101030nk101031O(ngünlük(n))xbasit algoritma zamanı

Dolayısıyla, yukarıdaki algoritmadaki kurallar her zaman yeterli olsaydı, sorunun NP-zor olmadığı gösterilmiştir.

findSeqn=128

Çevrimiçi deneyin

Scastie 30 saniye sonra zaman aşımına uğrar, bu yüzden dururn75

kod

import scala.annotation.tailrec

object Better {
  var primeLength: Int = 3
  var knownLengths: Map[(String,List[String]), Int] = Map()

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val start = System.currentTimeMillis()
    var last = ""
    Stream.from(1).foreach { i =>
      primeLength = primeList(i-1).toString.length
      val pcn = if (last.contains(primeList(i-1).toString)) last else calcPrimeContainingNumber(i)
      last = pcn
      if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 300 * 1000) // reached the time limit while calculating the last number, so, discard it and exit
        return
      println(i + ": " + pcn)
    }
  }

  def calcPrimeContainingNumber(n: Int): String = {
    val numbers = relevantNumbers(n)
    generateIntegerContainingSeq(numbers, numOfDigitsRequired(numbers, "X"), "X").tail
  }

  def relevantNumbers(n: Int): List[String] = {
    val primesRaw = primeList.take(n)
    val primes = primesRaw.map(_.toString).foldRight(List[String]())((i, l) => if (l.exists(_.contains(i))) l else i +: l)
    primes.sorted
  }

  @tailrec
  def generateIntegerContainingSeq(numbers: List[String], maxDigits: Int, soFar: String): String = {
    if (numbers.isEmpty)
      return soFar
    val nextDigit = (0 to 9).find(i => numOfDigitsRequired(numbers.filterNot((soFar + i).contains), soFar + i) == maxDigits).get
    generateIntegerContainingSeq(numbers.filterNot((soFar + nextDigit).contains), maxDigits, soFar + nextDigit)
  }

  def numOfDigitsRequired(numbers: List[String], soFar: String): Int = {
    soFar.length +
      knownLengths.getOrElse((soFar.takeRight(primeLength - 1), numbers), {
        val len = findAnySeq(soFar :: numbers).length - soFar.length
        knownLengths += (soFar.takeRight(primeLength - 1), numbers) -> len
        len
      })
  }

  def findAnySeq(numbers: List[String]): String = {
    val tails = numbers.flatMap(_.tails.drop(1).toSeq.dropRight(1)).distinct
      .filter(t => numbers.exists(n1 => n1.startsWith(t) && numbers.exists(n2 => n1 != n2 && n2.endsWith(t)))) // require different strings for start & end
      .sorted.sortBy(-_.length)
    val safeTails = tails.filterNot(t1 => tails.exists(t2 => t1 != t2 && t2.contains(t1))) // all those which are not substring of another tail

    @inline def merge(e: String, s: String, i: Int): String = findAnySeq((numbers diff List(e, s)) :+ (e + s.drop(i)))

    safeTails.foreach { overlap =>
      val ending = numbers.filter(_.endsWith(overlap))
      val starting = numbers.filter(_.startsWith(overlap))
      if (ending.nonEmpty && starting.nonEmpty) {
        if (ending.size == 1 && starting.size == 1 && ending != starting) { // there is really only one way
          return merge(ending.head, starting.head, overlap.length)
        }
        val startingAndEnding = ending.filter(_.startsWith(overlap))
        if (startingAndEnding.nonEmpty && ending.size > 1) {
          return merge(ending.filter(_ != startingAndEnding.head).head, startingAndEnding.head, overlap.length)
        } else if (startingAndEnding.nonEmpty && starting.size > 1) {
          return merge(startingAndEnding.head, starting.filter(_ != startingAndEnding.head).head, overlap.length)
        }
      }
    }

    @inline def startsRelevant(n: String): Boolean = tails.exists(n.startsWith)

    @inline def endsRelevant(n: String): Boolean = tails.exists(n.endsWith)

    safeTails.foreach { overlap =>
      val ending = numbers.filter(_.endsWith(overlap))
      val starting = numbers.filter(_.startsWith(overlap))
      ending.find(!startsRelevant(_)).foreach { e =>
        starting.find(endsRelevant)
          .orElse(starting.headOption) // if there is no relevant starting, take head (ending is already shown to be irrelevant)
          .foreach { s =>
          return merge(e, s, overlap.length)
        }
      }
      ending.find(startsRelevant).foreach { e =>
        starting.find(!endsRelevant(_)).foreach { s =>
          return merge(e, s, overlap.length)
        }
      }
    }
    safeTails.foreach { overlap =>
      val ending = numbers.filter(_.endsWith(overlap))
      val starting = numbers.filter(_.startsWith(overlap))
      return ending
        .flatMap(e => starting.filter(_ != e).map(s => merge(e, s, overlap.length)))
        .minBy(_.length)
    }

    if (tails.nonEmpty)
      throw new Error("that was unexpected :( " + numbers)

    numbers.mkString("")
  }


  // 1k primes
  val primeList = Seq(2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71
    , 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173
    , 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199, 211, 223, 227, 229, 233, 239, 241, 251, 257, 263, 269, 271, 277, 281
    , 283, 293, 307, 311, 313, 317, 331, 337, 347, 349, 353, 359, 367, 373, 379, 383, 389, 397, 401, 409
    , 419, 421, 431, 433, 439, 443, 449, 457, 461, 463, 467, 479, 487, 491, 499, 503, 509, 521, 523, 541
    , 547, 557, 563, 569, 571, 577, 587, 593, 599, 601, 607, 613, 617, 619, 631, 641, 643, 647, 653, 659
    , 661, 673, 677, 683, 691, 701, 709, 719, 727, 733, 739, 743, 751, 757, 761, 769, 773, 787, 797, 809
    , 811, 821, 823, 827, 829, 839, 853, 857, 859, 863, 877, 881, 883, 887, 907, 911, 919, 929, 937, 941
    , 947, 953, 967, 971, 977, 983, 991, 997, 1009, 1013, 1019, 1021, 1031, 1033, 1039, 1049, 1051, 1061, 1063, 1069
    , 1087, 1091, 1093, 1097, 1103, 1109, 1117, 1123, 1129, 1151, 1153, 1163, 1171, 1181, 1187, 1193, 1201, 1213, 1217, 1223
    , 1229, 1231, 1237, 1249, 1259, 1277, 1279, 1283, 1289, 1291, 1297, 1301, 1303, 1307, 1319, 1321, 1327, 1361, 1367, 1373
    , 1381, 1399, 1409, 1423, 1427, 1429, 1433, 1439, 1447, 1451, 1453, 1459, 1471, 1481, 1483, 1487, 1489, 1493, 1499, 1511
    , 1523, 1531, 1543, 1549, 1553, 1559, 1567, 1571, 1579, 1583, 1597, 1601, 1607, 1609, 1613, 1619, 1621, 1627, 1637, 1657
    , 1663, 1667, 1669, 1693, 1697, 1699, 1709, 1721, 1723, 1733, 1741, 1747, 1753, 1759, 1777, 1783, 1787, 1789, 1801, 1811
    , 1823, 1831, 1847, 1861, 1867, 1871, 1873, 1877, 1879, 1889, 1901, 1907, 1913, 1931, 1933, 1949, 1951, 1973, 1979, 1987
    , 1993, 1997, 1999, 2003, 2011, 2017, 2027, 2029, 2039, 2053, 2063, 2069, 2081, 2083, 2087, 2089, 2099, 2111, 2113, 2129
    , 2131, 2137, 2141, 2143, 2153, 2161, 2179, 2203, 2207, 2213, 2221, 2237, 2239, 2243, 2251, 2267, 2269, 2273, 2281, 2287
    , 2293, 2297, 2309, 2311, 2333, 2339, 2341, 2347, 2351, 2357, 2371, 2377, 2381, 2383, 2389, 2393, 2399, 2411, 2417, 2423
    , 2437, 2441, 2447, 2459, 2467, 2473, 2477, 2503, 2521, 2531, 2539, 2543, 2549, 2551, 2557, 2579, 2591, 2593, 2609, 2617
    , 2621, 2633, 2647, 2657, 2659, 2663, 2671, 2677, 2683, 2687, 2689, 2693, 2699, 2707, 2711, 2713, 2719, 2729, 2731, 2741
    , 2749, 2753, 2767, 2777, 2789, 2791, 2797, 2801, 2803, 2819, 2833, 2837, 2843, 2851, 2857, 2861, 2879, 2887, 2897, 2903
    , 2909, 2917, 2927, 2939, 2953, 2957, 2963, 2969, 2971, 2999, 3001, 3011, 3019, 3023, 3037, 3041, 3049, 3061, 3067, 3079
    , 3083, 3089, 3109, 3119, 3121, 3137, 3163, 3167, 3169, 3181, 3187, 3191, 3203, 3209, 3217, 3221, 3229, 3251, 3253, 3257
    , 3259, 3271, 3299, 3301, 3307, 3313, 3319, 3323, 3329, 3331, 3343, 3347, 3359, 3361, 3371, 3373, 3389, 3391, 3407, 3413
    , 3433, 3449, 3457, 3461, 3463, 3467, 3469, 3491, 3499, 3511, 3517, 3527, 3529, 3533, 3539, 3541, 3547, 3557, 3559, 3571
    , 3581, 3583, 3593, 3607, 3613, 3617, 3623, 3631, 3637, 3643, 3659, 3671, 3673, 3677, 3691, 3697, 3701, 3709, 3719, 3727
    , 3733, 3739, 3761, 3767, 3769, 3779, 3793, 3797, 3803, 3821, 3823, 3833, 3847, 3851, 3853, 3863, 3877, 3881, 3889, 3907
    , 3911, 3917, 3919, 3923, 3929, 3931, 3943, 3947, 3967, 3989, 4001, 4003, 4007, 4013, 4019, 4021, 4027, 4049, 4051, 4057
    , 4073, 4079, 4091, 4093, 4099, 4111, 4127, 4129, 4133, 4139, 4153, 4157, 4159, 4177, 4201, 4211, 4217, 4219, 4229, 4231
    , 4241, 4243, 4253, 4259, 4261, 4271, 4273, 4283, 4289, 4297, 4327, 4337, 4339, 4349, 4357, 4363, 4373, 4391, 4397, 4409
    , 4421, 4423, 4441, 4447, 4451, 4457, 4463, 4481, 4483, 4493, 4507, 4513, 4517, 4519, 4523, 4547, 4549, 4561, 4567, 4583
    , 4591, 4597, 4603, 4621, 4637, 4639, 4643, 4649, 4651, 4657, 4663, 4673, 4679, 4691, 4703, 4721, 4723, 4729, 4733, 4751
    , 4759, 4783, 4787, 4789, 4793, 4799, 4801, 4813, 4817, 4831, 4861, 4871, 4877, 4889, 4903, 4909, 4919, 4931, 4933, 4937
    , 4943, 4951, 4957, 4967, 4969, 4973, 4987, 4993, 4999, 5003, 5009, 5011, 5021, 5023, 5039, 5051, 5059, 5077, 5081, 5087
    , 5099, 5101, 5107, 5113, 5119, 5147, 5153, 5167, 5171, 5179, 5189, 5197, 5209, 5227, 5231, 5233, 5237, 5261, 5273, 5279
    , 5281, 5297, 5303, 5309, 5323, 5333, 5347, 5351, 5381, 5387, 5393, 5399, 5407, 5413, 5417, 5419, 5431, 5437, 5441, 5443
    , 5449, 5471, 5477, 5479, 5483, 5501, 5503, 5507, 5519, 5521, 5527, 5531, 5557, 5563, 5569, 5573, 5581, 5591, 5623, 5639
    , 5641, 5647, 5651, 5653, 5657, 5659, 5669, 5683, 5689, 5693, 5701, 5711, 5717, 5737, 5741, 5743, 5749, 5779, 5783, 5791
    , 5801, 5807, 5813, 5821, 5827, 5839, 5843, 5849, 5851, 5857, 5861, 5867, 5869, 5879, 5881, 5897, 5903, 5923, 5927, 5939
    , 5953, 5981, 5987, 6007, 6011, 6029, 6037, 6043, 6047, 6053, 6067, 6073, 6079, 6089, 6091, 6101, 6113, 6121, 6131, 6133
    , 6143, 6151, 6163, 6173, 6197, 6199, 6203, 6211, 6217, 6221, 6229, 6247, 6257, 6263, 6269, 6271, 6277, 6287, 6299, 6301
    , 6311, 6317, 6323, 6329, 6337, 6343, 6353, 6359, 6361, 6367, 6373, 6379, 6389, 6397, 6421, 6427, 6449, 6451, 6469, 6473
    , 6481, 6491, 6521, 6529, 6547, 6551, 6553, 6563, 6569, 6571, 6577, 6581, 6599, 6607, 6619, 6637, 6653, 6659, 6661, 6673
    , 6679, 6689, 6691, 6701, 6703, 6709, 6719, 6733, 6737, 6761, 6763, 6779, 6781, 6791, 6793, 6803, 6823, 6827, 6829, 6833
    , 6841, 6857, 6863, 6869, 6871, 6883, 6899, 6907, 6911, 6917, 6947, 6949, 6959, 6961, 6967, 6971, 6977, 6983, 6991, 6997
    , 7001, 7013, 7019, 7027, 7039, 7043, 7057, 7069, 7079, 7103, 7109, 7121, 7127, 7129, 7151, 7159, 7177, 7187, 7193, 7207
    , 7211, 7213, 7219, 7229, 7237, 7243, 7247, 7253, 7283, 7297, 7307, 7309, 7321, 7331, 7333, 7349, 7351, 7369, 7393, 7411
    , 7417, 7433, 7451, 7457, 7459, 7477, 7481, 7487, 7489, 7499, 7507, 7517, 7523, 7529, 7537, 7541, 7547, 7549, 7559, 7561
    , 7573, 7577, 7583, 7589, 7591, 7603, 7607, 7621, 7639, 7643, 7649, 7669, 7673, 7681, 7687, 7691, 7699, 7703, 7717, 7723
    , 7727, 7741, 7753, 7757, 7759, 7789, 7793, 7817, 7823, 7829, 7841, 7853, 7867, 7873, 7877, 7879, 7883, 7901, 7907, 7919)
}

Anders Kaseorg'un yorumlarda da belirttiği gibi, bu kod düşük kaliteli (dolayısıyla yanlış) sonuçlar verebilir.

Sonuçlar

n[1,200]187188189193

1: 2
2: 23
3: 235
4: 2357
5: 112357
6: 113257
7: 1131725
8: 113171925
9: 1131719235
10: 113171923295
11: 113171923295
12: 1131719237295
13: 11317237294195
14: 1131723294194375
15: 113172329419437475
16: 1131723294194347537
17: 113172329419434753759
18: 2311329417434753759619
19: 231132941743475375961967
20: 2311294134347175375961967
21: 23112941343471735375961967
22: 231129413434717353759619679
23: 23112941343471735359619678379
24: 2311294134347173535961967837989
25: 23112941343471735359619678378979
26: 2310112941343471735359619678378979
27: 231010329411343471735359619678378979
28: 101031071132329417343475359619678378979
29: 101031071091132329417343475359619678378979
30: 101031071091132329417343475359619678378979
31: 101031071091131272329417343475359619678378979
32: 101031071091131272329417343475359619678378979
33: 10103107109113127137232941734347535961967838979
34: 10103107109113127137139232941734347535961967838979
35: 10103107109113127137139149232941734347535961967838979
36: 1010310710911312713713914923294151734347535961967838979
37: 1010310710911312713713914915157232941734347535961967838979
38: 1010310710911312713713914915157163232941734347535961967838979
39: 10103107109113127137139149151571631672329417343475359619798389
40: 10103107109113127137139149151571631672329417343475359619798389
41: 1010310710911312713713914915157163167173232941794347535961978389
42: 101031071091131271371391491515716316717323294179434753596181978389
43: 101031071091131271371391491515716316723294173434753596181917978389
44: 101031071091131271371391491515716316717323294179434753596181919383897
45: 10103107109113127137139149151571631671731792329418191934347535961978389
46: 10103107109113127137139149151571631671731791819193232941974347535961998389
47: 101031071091271313714915157163167173179181919321139232941974347535961998389
48: 1010310710912713137149151571631671731791819193211392232941974347535961998389
49: 1010310710912713137149151571631671731791819193211392232272941974347535961998389
50: 10103107109127131371491515716316717317918191932113922322722941974347535961998389
51: 101031071091271313714915157163167173179181919321139223322722941974347535961998389
52: 101031071091271313714915157163167173179181919321139223322722923941974347535961998389
53: 1010310710912713137149151571631671731791819193211392233227229239241974347535961998389
54: 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251974347535961998389
55: 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251972574347535961998389
56: 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251972572634347535961998389
57: 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251972572632694347535961998389
58: 101031071091271313714915157163167173179211392233227229239241819193251972572632694347535961998389
59: 1010310710912713137149151571631671731792113922332277229239241819193251972572632694347535961998389
60: 101031071091271313714915157163167173211392233227722923924179251819193257263269281974347535961998389
61: 1010310710912713137149151571631671732113922332277229239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
62: 10103107109127131371491515716316717321139223322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
63: 1010307107109127131371491515716316717321139223322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
64: 10103071071091271311371391491515716316721173223322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
65: 10103071071091271311371491515716313916721173223322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
66: 10103071071091271311371491515716313921167223317322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
67: 10103071071091271311371491515716313921167223317322772293239241792518191932572632692819728343475359619989
68: 1010307107109127131137149151571631392116722331732277229323924179251819193257263269281972833743475359619989
69: 1010307107109127131137149151571631392116722331732277229323924179251819193257263269281972833743475359619989
70: 101030710710912713113714915157163139211672233173227722932392417925181919325726326928197283374347534959619989
71: 101030710710912713113714915157163139211672233173227722932392417925181919325726337269281972834743534959619989
72: 101030710710912713113714915157163139211672233173227722932392417925181919337257263472692819728349435359619989
73: 10103071071091271311371491515716313921167223317322772293372392417925181919347257263492692819728353594367619989
74: 101030710710912713113714915157163139211672233173227722932392417925181919337347257263492692819728353594367619989
75: 1010307107109127131137313914915157163211672233173227722933792392417925181919347257263492692819728353594367619989
76: 101030710710912713113731391491515716321167223317322772293379239241792518191934725726349269281972835359438367619989
77: 101030710710912713113731391491515716321167223317337922772293472392417925181919349257263535926928197283674383896199
78: 1010307107109127131137313914915157163211672233173379227722934723972417925181919349257263535926928197283674383896199
79: 101030710710912713113731391491515721163223317337922772293472397241672517925726349269281819193535928367401974383896199
80: 101030710710912713113731391491515721163223317337922772293472397241672517925726349269281819193535928367401974094383896199
81: 101030710710912713113731391491515721163223317337922772293472397241916725179257263492692818193535928367401974094383896199
82: 1010307107109127131137313914915157223317322772293379239724191634725167257263492692817928353594018193674094211974383896199
83: 1010307107109127131137313914922331515722772293379239724191634725167257263492692817353592836740181938389409421197431796199
84: 101030710710912713113731391492233151572277229323972419163472516725726349269281735359283674018193838940942119743179433796199
85: 101030710710912713113731391492233151572277229323924191634725167257263492692817353592836740181938389409421197431794337943976199
86: 1010307107109127131137313914922331515722772293239241916347251672572634926928173535928367401819383894094211974317943379443976199
87: 1010307107109127131137313914922331515722772293239241916347251672572634926928173535928367401819383894094211974317943379443974496199
88: 1010307107109127131137313914922331515722772293239241916347251672572634926928173535928367401819383894094211974317943379443974494576199
89: 10103071071091271311373139149223315157227722932392419163472516725726349269281735359283674018193838940942119743179433794439744945746199
90: 10103071071091271311373139149223315157227722932392419163251672572634726928173492835359401819367409421197431794337944397449457461994638389
91: 10103071071091271311373139149223315157227722932392419163251672572634726928173492835359401819367409421197431794337944397449457461994638389467
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En kısa yaygın supersequence problemi olan NP-tam olduğu bilinen , bu yüzden olmayan bir geri çark polinom zaman algoritması geleni durumlarda değil, muhtemelen iş, onun doğruluğu asal (P = NP ya) dağıtımının bazı tuhaf özelliğine bağlıdır sürece.
Anders Kaseorg,

n>>0n=128

1
“Çoğu zaman” ve “şimdiye kadar bulundu” gibi uyarılar göz önüne alındığında, çıktılarınızın doğru olduğuna neden güvenmemiz gerektiğini açıklayabilir misiniz? Yerel sadeleştirmelerinizden birinin sizi global optimum bulmanızı engelleyemeyeceğinden nasıl emin olabilirsiniz?
Anders Kaseorg

4
Örneğin: ilk üç asal değiştirirseniz 1234, 3423, 2345, elde 123453423yerine optimal 12342345.
Anders Kaseorg,

1
Ayrıca, işte 3 basamaklı bir problem vakası: 457, 571, 757(tüm asallar). findSeqBunun için dönecekti 7574571ama en kısa boy 457571. Demek senin yaklaşımın ateşle oynuyor. Olsa da, saf cesaret için Upvoted.
japh
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