x86 makine kodu - 585 bayt, bonus ile 468
Son girişimin ne kadar büyük olduğu konusunda hayal kırıklığına uğradım, bu sefer çok farklı bir şeyler denemeye karar verdim. Çizim insertusernamehereböylece gereksiz mantık ve gereksiz sonlandırıcılar kaçınarak, devlet isimlerinden şehir adları ayırma bireyin fikri, ben hala ham dizeleri daha programı küçültmek mümkün gerek var düşündük. UPX hile yapmama yardımcı olmaz, programın çok küçük olduğundan şikayet ederdi. Sıkıştırmayı düşününce, 662 baytlık metin çıktısını WinRar ile sıkıştırmaya çalıştım, ancak hala sadece 543 bayt aldım - ve bunu açmak için hiçbir şey yoktu. Herhangi bir kod olmadan sadece sonuç olduğu göz önüne alındığında hala çok büyük görünüyordu.
Sonra farkettim - sadece harfler için 26 karakter ve boşluklar ve virgüller için 2 karakter kullanıyorum. Hmm, bu sadece 5 bit gereken 32'ye uyuyor. Bu yüzden dizeleri kodlamak, 0-25 a ayarlamak ve boşluk ve virgül 26 ve 27 almak için hızlı bir javascript programı yazdım. Her şeyi 5 bit olarak kodluyor, her şeyi buna ihtiyaç olsun ya da olmasın. Oradan, bütün parçaları bir araya getirdim ve onları bayt boyutundaki parçalara böldüm. Bu, 563 bayt diziyi 353 bayta paketlememe izin verdi -% 37,5 ya da 210 baytlık bir tasarruf. Programı ve verileri sadece paketlenmemiş verilerle aynı alana sıkıştırmayı başaramadım, ama mutlu olmak için yeterince yaklaştım.
İkili Hxd görünümü:
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Kaynak kodu:
[section .text]
[bits 16]
[org 0x100]
entry_point:
push word 63 ; no of bytes of packed data = (5/8) * unpacked_length - rounded up tp nearest byte
push word states_packed
push word states_unpacked
call unpack_bytes
push word 290 ; no bytes of packed data
push word capitals_packed
push word capitals_unpacked
call unpack_bytes
; ensure there's a terminating null after the capitals
mov si, nullTerminator
mov [si], byte 0
;void outputStrings(char *cities, char *states)
push word states_unpacked
push word capitals_unpacked
call output_strings
; int 0x20
ret
;void unpack_states(char *unpackedDest, char *packedInput, int packed_length)
;unpack_capitals:
unpack_bytes:
push bp
mov bp, sp
add bp, 4
mov si, [bp + 2] ; point to the packed input
mov di, [bp + 0] ; point to the output buffer
mov dh, 5 ; number of bits remaining until we have a full output byte, ready to be translated from [0..25] --> [A..Z] (+65) or 26-->' ' or 27-->','
xor bl, bl ; clear our output accumalator
.unpack_get_byte:
lodsb
mov dl, 8 ; number of bits remaining in this packed byte before we need another one
.unpack_get_next_bit:
rcl al, 1 ; put most significant bit into carry flag
rcl bl, 1 ; and put it into the least significant bit of our accumalator
dec dl ; 1 bit less before we need another packed byte
dec dh ; 1 bit less until this output byte is done
jnz .checkInputBitsRemaining
.transform_output_byte:
cmp bl, 26 ; space is encoded as 26
jne .notSpace
mov bl, ' '
jmp .store_output_byte
.notSpace:
cmp bl, 27 ; comma is encoded as 27
jne .notComma
mov bl, ','
jmp .store_output_byte
.notComma:
.alphaChar:
add bl, 'a' ; change from [0..25] to [A..Z]
.store_output_byte:
mov [di], bl ; store it
inc di ; point to the next output element
mov dh, 5 ; and reset the count of bits till we get here again
xor bl, bl
.checkInputBitsRemaining:
or dl,dl ; see if we've emptied the packed byte yet
jnz .unpack_get_next_bit
dec word [bp + 4] ; decrement the number of bytes of input remaining to be processed
jnz .unpack_get_byte ; if we still have some, go back for more
.unpack_input_processed:
pop bp
ret 6
; input:
; al = char
; outpt:
; if al if an alpha char, ensures it is in range [capital-a .. capital-z]
toupper:
push bx
mov bl, 98
dec bl ; bl = 'a'
mov bh, bl
add bh, 25 ; bh = 'z'
cmp al, bl ;'a'
jb .toupperdone
cmp al, bh
ja .toupperdone
mov bl, 32
sub al, bl ;'A' - 'a'
.toupperdone:
pop bx
ret
;void outputStrings(char *cities, char *states)
output_strings:
push bp
mov bp, sp
add bp, 4
mov si, [bp + 0] ; si --> array of cities
xor ax, ax
; mov [lastChar], al ; last printed char is undefined at this point - we'll use this to know if we're processing the first entry
mov dl, al
; mov [string_index], ax ; zero the string_index too
mov cx, ax ; zero the string_index too
.getOutputChar:
lodsb
test al, 0xff
jz .outputDone ; if we've got a NULL, it's the string terminator so exit
; cmp byte [lastChar], ' ' ; if the last char was a space, we have to capitalize this one
cmp dl, ' ' ; if the last char was a space, we have to capitalize this one
je .make_ucase
; cmp byte [lastChar], 0
or dl, dl ; if this is 0, then it's the first char we've printed, therefore we know it should be capitalized
jz .make_ucase
cmp al, ',' ; if this is a comma, the city is done, so print the comma then do the state and a crlf, finally, increment the string_index
jne .printChar
mov ah, 0xe ; code for print-char, teletype output
int 0x10 ; print the char held in al
; mov bx, [string_index]
mov bx, cx;[string_index]
add bx,bx ; x2 since each state is 2 bytes long
add bx, [bp+2] ; bx --> states_unpacked[string_index]
mov al, [bx] ; get the first char of the state
call toupper ; upper case it
; mov ah, 0xe ;not needed, still set from above
int 0x10 ; and print it
inc bx
mov al, [bx] ; get the 2nd char of the state
call toupper ; uppercase it
; mov ah, 0xe ;not needed, still set from above
int 0x10 ; and print it
mov al, 0x0d ; print a CRLF
int 0x10
mov al, 0x0a
int 0x10
mov byte [lastChar], 0 ; zero this, so that the first letter of the new city will be capitalized, just like the first char in the string was
xor dl, dl ; zero this, so that the first letter of the new city will be capitalized, just like the first char in the string was
; inc word [string_index] ; increment our index, ready for the next city's state
inc cx ;word [string_index] ; increment our index, ready for the next city's state
jmp .getOutputChar ; go back and get the next char of the next city
.make_ucase:
call toupper
.printChar:
mov ah, 0xe
int 0x10
; mov [lastChar], al
mov dl, al
jmp .getOutputChar ; go back and get the next char of the next city
.outputDone:
pop bp
ret 4 ; return and clean-up the two vars from the stack
[section .data]
; 63 packed bytes, 100 unpacked (saved 37)
states_packed:
db 01011000b, 00010000b, 11010111b, 00011100b, 00001011b, 01100100b, 11000100b, 11100100b
db 00001110b, 01110111b, 01100000b, 00011011b, 10000010b, 10101101b, 10101100b, 10011011b
db 01011010b, 10010110b, 00111010b, 10100000b, 10010000b, 11011110b, 00000110b, 00010010b
db 00101000b, 00011001b, 00011010b, 01111010b, 11001100b, 01010011b, 01010100b, 10011000b
db 11010000b, 00101001b, 10100100b, 01101000b, 10101100b, 10001011b, 00000000b, 00011001b
db 01100010b, 00001110b, 10000110b, 01001001b, 00001011b, 10010000b, 10011000b, 00111011b
db 01100010b, 10010011b, 00110000b, 00011010b, 00110101b, 01100001b, 11010001b, 00000100b
db 01010000b, 00000001b, 00000001b, 11001010b, 10110101b, 01011011b, 01010000b
; 290 packed bytes, 463 unpacked (saved 173)
capitals_packed:
db 00001000b, 00100110b, 11100110b, 11101010b, 00101110b, 10100001b, 10001001b, 10110100b, 00110100b, 01101000b, 00000011b, 01000000b, 11110111b, 00101101b
db 00010010b, 11011000b, 10011100b, 10111010b, 00110000b, 00110100b, 10010110b, 11011000b, 11100110b, 11001100b, 11001110b, 01100001b, 00100011b, 10001101b
db 10011100b, 10001011b, 00100011b, 01000001b, 10110001b, 10010001b, 10110101b, 00100100b, 01110110b, 00010111b, 00100010b, 01000100b, 11011000b, 00101001b
db 00101001b, 10100001b, 10111011b, 00001011b, 10100101b, 00110111b, 00110111b, 01100000b, 01011000b, 01000000b, 11011100b, 01101110b, 01100000b, 01011010b
db 11000000b, 01110000b, 01001010b, 01000100b, 00100110b, 11100100b, 00000110b, 11001100b, 00011010b, 00101001b, 00110110b, 11010000b, 01001000b, 11110101b
db 01000010b, 11010110b, 01001101b, 11001110b, 00100100b, 01101100b, 11011100b, 11011101b, 10100100b, 10000101b, 00101001b, 00100011b, 00100111b, 00110111b
db 01110001b, 01000000b, 10001110b, 11000111b, 00110100b, 01111011b, 01111010b, 00001001b, 00011000b, 10010011b, 01100111b, 00000100b, 01100010b, 10001001b
db 00000110b, 10010001b, 00110110b, 11000001b, 01000011b, 01010010b, 01010011b, 00000110b, 11011111b, 00010111b, 01010101b, 00000011b, 00100011b, 01000100b
db 01001101b, 10001101b, 11010101b, 00100100b, 01110110b, 00100111b, 00110100b, 01001110b, 10001000b, 11110110b, 11000111b, 00110110b, 01101111b, 00100010b
db 11010000b, 01001000b, 11101100b, 11100000b, 10001100b, 11001010b, 11101000b, 10001111b, 01110011b, 01110011b, 11001000b, 10100000b, 01101110b, 01000000b
db 01000011b, 01100111b, 10100111b, 10000010b, 10001011b, 11011010b, 01101000b, 11010010b, 00000010b, 10011011b, 01011010b, 00011010b, 00100111b, 00101101b
db 10111011b, 10001000b, 00010110b, 01000100b, 00011000b, 11111011b, 01100000b, 00000110b, 10001001b, 00111001b, 10111011b, 01110010b, 11110000b, 11000111b
db 10100000b, 00011011b, 01111001b, 11011100b, 01000110b, 10100010b, 11111011b, 01011000b, 00011011b, 00100100b, 00110100b, 11011011b, 00111011b, 10011010b
db 11100101b, 11010001b, 01110100b, 11011010b, 01000000b, 00100101b, 01001001b, 11001101b, 11011100b, 10011111b, 00010100b, 00110100b, 11000101b, 01000001b
db 00010110b, 00111101b, 10001001b, 11001011b, 10100011b, 00000010b, 10000000b, 01101100b, 00001101b, 01101000b, 00011110b, 11100101b, 10100010b, 01011011b
db 00010001b, 11001001b, 10000010b, 00110101b, 10100100b, 11011100b, 10000000b, 10111001b, 11101001b, 01100000b, 01010001b, 00110100b, 00100100b, 01001111b
db 00011011b, 00000100b, 11010110b, 00000110b, 11001100b, 00011011b, 00001010b, 00100100b, 11000000b, 01000100b, 01001010b, 11011001b, 01100010b, 00000110b
db 10101000b, 10101110b, 10001100b, 11110111b, 00100000b, 00101100b, 10001100b, 11011010b, 11010001b, 00111001b, 10101100b, 10011010b, 10001011b, 10000100b
db 10101101b, 10001100b, 10010010b, 11010011b, 00011100b, 10000110b, 10010010b, 01011011b, 10010000b, 00000101b, 00010000b, 00110000b, 10001101b, 10011011b
db 10110110b, 11100101b, 00101100b, 00000111b, 01110011b, 00000001b, 10100001b, 00100010b, 01111000b, 11011000b, 10001110b, 00001000b, 10101100b, 10010010b
db 10011011b, 10011011b, 10110001b, 00000010b, 00110010b, 01110011b, 01110100b, 00100100b, 01001111b, 00011011b
[section .bss]
lastChar resb 1 ; last printed char - used to capitalize chars after a space (i.e the 2nd or third word of a city name)
string_index resw 1 ; used to index into the array of states, which are each two bytes
states_unpacked resb 100 ; 50 states, 2 bytes each
capitals_unpacked resb 464
nullTerminator resb 1