"Operatör bool () sabitinin" anlamı nedir?

Yanıtlar:

145

Formun üye işlevleri 

operator TypeName()

dönüşüm operatörleri. Sınıf türündeki nesnelerin tıpkı türdeymiş gibi kullanılmasına izin verirler TypeNameve olduklarında TypeNamedönüştürme işlevini kullanarak dönüştürülürler.

Bu özel durumda, operator bool()sınıf türündeki bir nesnenin bir bool. Örneğin, adlandırılmış sınıf türünde bir nesneniz varsa obj, bunu şu şekilde kullanabilirsiniz:

if (obj)

Bu çağırır, operator bool()sonucu döndürür ve sonucu if.

Unutulmamalıdır ki operator bool()Çok Kötü Bir Fikirdir ve onu asla kullanmamalısınız. Neden kötü olduğuna dair ayrıntılı bir açıklama ve sorunun çözümü için "The Safe Bool Deyimi" ne bakın .

(C ++ Standardının yakında çıkacak revizyonu olan C ++ 0x, açık dönüştürme operatörleri için destek ekler. Bunlar explicit operator bool(), Safe Bool Deyiminin uygulanmasının çemberlerinden atlamak zorunda kalmadan doğru şekilde çalışan bir kasa yazmanıza olanak tanır .)

— James McNellis
kaynak
1
"sanki bir boolmuş gibi kullanılır" yanlış bir şekilde, mesela ona bir boole değeri atayabileceğinizi ima eder. Bunun yerine, göndericinin kodunda, col'nin anlık değeriyle ilgili olan ancak bundan sonra onu oluşturan nesneden bağımsız olan bool türünde geçici bir değişken oluşturur. Dahası, Safe Bool Deyiminden bahsetmek harika, ancak sadece karşıt görüşlerin var olduğunu kaydetmek için: IMHO "asla gerçekten kullanma" tavsiyesi üstte - daha karmaşık bir API pahasına aptalca kötüye kullanıma karşı daha sıkı derleyici kontrolleri veriyor bu yanlışlıkla yanlış kullanıma yol açabilir.
— Tony Delroy
1
@Tony: Pekala, sanki bir boolmuş gibi kullanılabilir; dönüşümün sonucu bir rvalue ( bool) olduğundan, hayır, ona atayamazsınız. Değiştirilebilir bir değer olsaydı (örn. bool&), Ona atayabilirsiniz. Doğruluğa gelince, an'ın operator bool()her zaman yanlış olduğunu, çünkü asla kullanılmasını istemediğiniz çok sayıda durumda sınıf tipi bir nesnenin kullanımına izin verdiğini iddia ediyorum . Safe Bool, çok daha üstün bir alternatiftir.
— James McNellis
1
Bu nedenle, son paragrafa göre bugün mükemmel bir şekilde kullanılabilir explicit operator bool(). Doğru anlıyor muyum?
— Zingam
1
C ++ komitesi, bool () operatörü konusunda sizinle aynı fikirde değil gibi görünüyor. En azından standardın en son sürümü için (ör. En.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/optional ). Ya da belki sadece STL kodunun bunu kullanmasına izin verilmesi gerektiğini mi söylüyorsunuz?
— Joe Steele
2
@JoeSteele - Bkz. Stackoverflow.com/a/16615725/2492801 . Açık dönüştürme operatörleri güvenlidir!
— Benjamin Bihler
9 
operator bool() const 
{
    return col != 0;
}

Sınıfın bir boole değerine nasıl dönüştürülebileceğini tanımlar, constsonra ()bu yöntemin değişmediğini belirtmek için kullanılır (bu sınıfın üyelerini değiştirin).

Bu tür operatörleri genellikle aşağıdaki gibi kullanırsınız:

airplaysdk sdkInstance;
if (sdkInstance) {
    std::cout << "Instance is active" << std::endl;
} else {
    std::cout << "Instance is in-active error!" << std::endl;
}
— langerra.com
kaynak
7

Netleştirmek için daha fazla kod vermek istiyorum.

struct A
{
    operator bool() const { return true; }
};

struct B
{
    explicit operator bool() const { return true; }
};

int main()
{
    A a1;
    if (a1) cout << "true" << endl; // OK: A::operator bool()
    bool na1 = a1; // OK: copy-initialization selects A::operator bool()
    bool na2 = static_cast<bool>(a1); // OK: static_cast performs direct-initialization

    B b1;     
    if (b1) cout << "true" << endl; // OK: B::operator bool()
    // bool nb1 = b1; // error: copy-initialization does not consider B::operator bool()
    bool nb2 = static_cast<bool>(b1); // OK: static_cast performs direct-initialization
}
— selfboot
kaynak
3

implicitSınıfınızı trueveya sınıfına dönüştürmek için kullanıcı tanımlı dönüştürme işlevidir false.

//usage
bool value = yourclassinstance; //yourclassinstance is converted into bool!
— Nawaz
kaynak
1

Bu, için örtük bir dönüşümdür bool. Yani örtük dönüştürmelere izin verilen her yerde, sınıfınız boolbu yöntemi çağırarak dönüştürülebilir .

— Billy ONeal
kaynak
1

Diğerlerinin dediği gibi, bu, bu durumda bir bool. Örneğin:

class A {
    bool isItSafe;

public:
    operator bool() const
    {
        return isItSafe;
    }

    ...
};

Şimdi bu sınıfın bir nesnesini bir boolean gibi kullanabilirim:

A a;
...
if (a) {
    ....
}
— Chrisaycock
kaynak
1

Kendi unique_ptr'mi yazarken bu vakayı buldum. Verilen std::unique_ptr'soperator== :

template<class T1, class D1, class T2, class D2>
bool operator==(const unique_ptr<T1, D1>& x, const unique_ptr<T2, D2>& y);

template <class T, class D>
bool operator==(const unique_ptr<T, D>& x, nullptr_t) noexcept;

template <class T, class D>
bool operator==(nullptr_t, const unique_ptr<T, D>& x) noexcept;

Ve libstdcxx'den bu test durumu :

  std::unique_ptr<int> ptr;
  if (ptr == 0)
    { }
  if (0 == ptr)
    { }
  if (ptr != 0)
    { }
  if (0 != ptr)
    { }

Çünkü Not ptrBir sahiptir explicit operator bool() const noexcept;, bu yüzden operator overload resolutionburada para cezası işleri, örneğin ptr == 0seçer

 template <class T, class D>
 bool operator==(const unique_ptr<T, D>& x, nullptr_t) noexcept;`.

Hiçbir varsa explicitburada anahtar kelime, ptriçinde ptr == 0dönüştürülecektir boolsonra, booldönüştürülecektir intçünkü bool operator==(int, int)dahili ve 0olduğunu int. Bizi bekleyen şey belirsiz aşırı yük çözme hatasıdır.

İşte ise , Minimal Komple ve Doğrulanabilir örnek :

#include <cstddef>
struct A
{
    constexpr A(std::nullptr_t) {}
    operator bool() 
    {
        return true;
    }
};

constexpr bool operator ==(A, A) noexcept
{
    return true;
}

constexpr bool operator ==(A, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
{
    return true;
}

constexpr bool operator ==(std::nullptr_t, A) noexcept
{
    return true;
}

int main()
{
    A a1(nullptr);
    A a2(0);
    a1 == 0;
}

gcc :

prog.cc: In function 'int main()':
prog.cc:30:8: error: ambiguous overload for 'operator==' (operand types are 'A' and 'int')
   30 |     a1 == 0;
      |     ~~ ^~ ~
      |     |     |
      |     A     int
prog.cc:30:8: note: candidate: 'operator==(int, int)' <built-in>
   30 |     a1 == 0;
      |     ~~~^~~~
prog.cc:11:16: note: candidate: 'constexpr bool operator==(A, A)'
   11 | constexpr bool operator ==(A, A) noexcept
      |                ^~~~~~~~
prog.cc:16:16: note: candidate: 'constexpr bool operator==(A, std::nullptr_t)'
   16 | constexpr bool operator ==(A, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
      |                ^~~~~~~~

clang :

prog.cc:30:8: error: use of overloaded operator '==' is ambiguous (with operand types 'A' and 'int')
    a1 == 0;
    ~~ ^  ~
prog.cc:16:16: note: candidate function
constexpr bool operator ==(A, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
               ^
prog.cc:11:16: note: candidate function
constexpr bool operator ==(A, A) noexcept
               ^
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, int)
    a1 == 0;
       ^
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, unsigned __int128)
1 error generated.
— 陳 力
kaynak
-4

Diğer bir yaygın kullanım, standart kapların özel nesneler içindeki anahtar değerlerde eşitlik karşılaştırması yapmasıdır.

class Foo
{
    public: int val;
};

class Comparer { public:
bool operator () (Foo& a, Foo&b) const {
return a.val == b.val; 
};

class Blah
{
std::set< Foo, Comparer > _mySet;
};
— user2945260
kaynak
2
Bu örnek operator ()değil kullanır operator bool. Tamamen farklılar. operator ()çağrı operatörüdür, böylece a Comparerbir işlev olarak çağrılabilir. Bu operator ()sadece geri döner bool, ancak bu onu aynı yapmaz operator bool, sadece örtük bir atama yapılmasına izin verir bool.
— Michael Dorst
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