Kubuntu 14.4'ümde (standart olarak python 2.7.6'ya sahip) python'um , Debian'a en son Python sürümünü ayrı ayrı nasıl yükleyeceğim veya python.org'dan kaynaktan oluşturduktan sonra python 2.7.10'u yüklemeye çalıştıktan sonra bozuldu veya Yükselt? . Benim dpkg python kurulumu ile ilgili bir şekilde karışık / kırık olduğundan şüphelendiğim standart komutları ile tamir edemiyorum. Ben bu açıdan dpkg düzeltmek istiyorum. Bu dosya ile ilgisi vardır şüpheli /var/lib/dpkg/statusve /var/lib/dpkg/availableve /var/lib/dpkg/info/*particularily ilk. Sanırım bir dpkgşekilde sıfırlamam gerekiyor , ama gerçekten uzman değilim . Bunun düşündüğüm nedeni:

$ apt-cache policy python
python:
  Installed: 2.7.10-1
  Candidate: 2.7.10-1
  Version table:
*** 2.7.10-1 0
    100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
2.7.5-5ubuntu3 0
    500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages

$ /usr/bin/python2.7
Python 2.7.6 (default, Jun 22 2015, 17:58:13) 
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()

Ben piton 2.7.10 yüklemeye çalıştı Sebep I (çünkü ssl / openssl piton 2.7.6 ait olan konuların) Başka bir program için gerekli çünkü, ama şimdi sadece benim sistemini almak istiyorum tamir - sadece piton 2.7 olalım 0,6.

Tam Teknik

Bunu ubuntu'ya /ubuntu/648424/muon-is-gone-after-change-of-python-issues-after-python-2-7-10-installation- üzerinde ama orada herhangi bir cevap alamadım. Belki de yanlış kalabalıktı. O zamandan beri biraz denedim ve sorunun ne olduğu hakkında bir fikrim var, ancak bunu başarmak için adımları bilmiyorum.

Benimle muon yükleyememekle başladı sudo apg-get install muon:

$ sudo apt-get install muon
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 muon : Depends: apt-xapian-index but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Tipik tavsiyeler (örn. Https://askubuntu.com/questions/118749/package-system-is-broken-how-to-fix-it ) yardımcı olmaz:

sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade -f
sudo apt-get -f install muon

veya

sudo apt-get -f install

veya

sudo dpkg --configure -a 
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install muon

veya

sudo apt-get -o dpkg::options::="--force-confnew" -o dpkg::options::="--force-confmiss" --reinstall install muon

Yardım etmedi. Ben de denedim

$ sudo apt-get install apt-xapian-index
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 apt-xapian-index : Depends: python-xapian (>= 1.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
                    Depends: python-apt (>= 0.7.93.2) but it is not going to be installed
                    Depends: python-debian (>= 0.1.14) but it is not going to be installed
                    Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2)
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

ve sorunun diğer programlarda olduğu gibi

$ sudo apt-get install meld 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 meld : Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2)
        Depends: python-gtk2 (>= 2.14) but it is not going to be installed
        Depends: python-glade2 (>= 2.14) but it is not going to be installed
        Depends: python-gobject-2 (>= 2.16) but it is not going to be installed
        Recommends: python-gnome2 but it is not going to be installed
        Recommends: python-gconf but it is not going to be installed
        Recommends: python-gtksourceview2 (>= 2.4) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Bu yüzden denedim (şanssız)

$ sudo update-alternatives --config python
update-alternatives: error: no alternatives for python

Aşağıdakiler de yardımcı olmadı:

sudo dpkg -P python2.7
sudo apt-get install python2.7
sudo dpkg -P python-minimal
sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get clean sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -f install

alıyorum

$ apt-cache policy python
python:
  Installed: 2.7.10-1
  Candidate: 2.7.10-1
  Version table:
*** 2.7.10-1 0
    100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
2.7.5-5ubuntu3 0
    500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages

Python'u yeniden yüklemeye çalışmak çalışmıyor

$ sudo apt-get -o dpkg::options::="--force-confnew" -o dpkg::options::="--force-confmiss" --reinstall install python
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Reinstallation of python is not possible, it cannot be downloaded.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 16 not upgraded.

veya

$ sudo apt-get -o dpkg::options::="--force-confnew" -o dpkg::options::="--force-confmiss" --reinstall install python2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package python2

ve bir kaldırıcı oluşturmaya çalışmak da çalışmaz:

~/Python-2.7.10$ sudo make uninstall 
make: *** No rule to make target `uninstall'.  Stop.

Bu yüzden bir şekilde dpkg düzeltmek zorunda olduğundan şüphelenmeye başladım, çünkü

$ apt-cache policy python
python:
  Installed: 2.7.10-1
  Candidate: 2.7.10-1
  Version table:
*** 2.7.10-1 0
    100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
2.7.5-5ubuntu3 0
    500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages

$ /usr/bin/python2.7
Python 2.7.6 (default, Jun 22 2015, 17:58:13) 
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()

Daha fazla bilgi (Ek)

$ dpkg -l python* | grep -v ^un
Gewünscht=Unbekannt/Installieren/R=Entfernen/P=Vollständig Löschen/Halten
| Status=Nicht/Installiert/Config/U=Entpackt/halb konFiguriert/
    Halb installiert/Trigger erWartet/Trigger anhängig
|/ Fehler?=(kein)/R=Neuinstallation notwendig (Status, Fehler: GROSS=schlecht)
||/ Name                                        Version                                 Architektur  Beschreibung
+++-===========================================-=======================================-============-=====================================================================================================================================================================================================================
ii  python                                      2.7.10-1                                amd64        Python 2.7.10
ii  python-apt-common                           0.9.3.5ubuntu1                          all          Python interface to libapt-pkg (locales)
ii  python-chardet-whl                          2.2.1-2~ubuntu1                         all          universal character encoding detector
ii  python-colorama-whl                         0.2.5-0.1ubuntu2                        all          Cross-platform colored terminal text in Python - Wheels
ii  python-cups                                 1.9.66-0ubuntu2                         amd64        Python bindings for CUPS
rc  python-cupshelpers                          1.4.3+20140219-0ubuntu2.6               all          Python modules for printer configuration with CUPS
ii  python-dbus-dev                             1.2.0-2build2                           all          main loop integration development files for python-dbus
ii  python-distlib-whl                          0.1.8-1ubuntu1                          all          low-level components of python distutils2/packaging
rc  python-gobject-2                            2.28.6-12build1                         amd64        deprecated static Python bindings for the GObject library
ii  python-html5lib-whl                         0.999-3~ubuntu1                         all          HTML parser/tokenizer based on the WHATWG HTML5 specification
ii  python-ldb                                  1:1.1.16-1                              amd64        Python bindings for LDB
ii  python-minimal                              2.7.5-5ubuntu3                          amd64        minimal subset of the Python language (default version)
ii  python-ntdb                                 1.0-2ubuntu1                            amd64        Python bindings for NTDB
ii  python-pam                                  0.4.2-13.1ubuntu3                       amd64        Python interface to the PAM library
ii  python-pip-whl                              1.5.4-1ubuntu3                          all          alternative Python package installer
ii  python-renderpm                             3.0-1build1                             amd64        python low level render interface
ii  python-reportlab-accel                      3.0-1build1                             amd64        C coded extension accelerator for the ReportLab Toolkit
ii  python-requests-whl                         2.2.1-1ubuntu0.3                        all          elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for human beings
ii  python-setuptools-whl                       3.3-1ubuntu2                            all          Python Distutils Enhancements (wheel package)
ii  python-six-whl                              1.5.2-1ubuntu1                          all          Python 2 and 3 compatibility library (universal wheel)                                               
rc  python-support                              1.0.15                                  all          automated rebuilding support for Python modules                                                      
ii  python-talloc                               2.1.0-1                                 amd64        hierarchical pool based memory allocator - Python bindings                                           
ii  python-tdb                                  1.2.12-1                                amd64        Python bindings for TDB                                                                              
ii  python-twisted-bin                          13.2.0-1ubuntu1                         amd64        Event-based framework for internet applications                                                      
rc  python-twisted-core                         13.2.0-1ubuntu1                         all          Event-based framework for internet applications                                                      
rc  python-ubuntu-sso-client                    13.10-0ubuntu6                          all          Ubuntu Single Sign-On client - Python library                                                        
ii  python-urllib3-whl                          1.7.1-1ubuntu3                          all          HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling                                                     
ii  python2.7                                   2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2                        amd64        Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 2.7)                                        
ii  python2.7-minimal                           2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2                        amd64        Minimal subset of the Python language (version 2.7)                                                  
ii  python3                                     3.4.0-0ubuntu2                          amd64        interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python3 version)                            
ii  python3-apport                              2.14.1-0ubuntu3.11                      all          Python 3 library for Apport crash report handling                                                    
ii  python3-apt                                 0.9.3.5ubuntu1                          amd64        Python 3 interface to libapt-pkg                                                                     
ii  python3-aptdaemon                           1.1.1-1ubuntu5.2                        all          Python 3 module for the server and client of aptdaemon                                               
ii  python3-chardet                             2.2.1-2~ubuntu1                         all          universal character encoding detector for Python3                                                    
ii  python3-colorama                            0.2.5-0.1ubuntu2                        all          Cross-platform colored terminal text in Python - Python 3.x                                          
ii  python3-commandnotfound                     0.3ubuntu12                             all          Python 3 bindings for command-not-found.                                                             
ii  python3-dbus                                1.2.0-2build2                           amd64        simple interprocess messaging system (Python 3 interface)                                            
ii  python3-dbus.mainloop.qt                    4.10.4+dfsg-1ubuntu1                    amd64        D-Bus Support for PyQt4 with Python 3
ii  python3-debian                              0.1.21+nmu2ubuntu2                      all          Python 3 modules to work with Debian-related data formats
ii  python3-defer                               1.0.6-2build1                           all          Small framework for asynchronous programming (Python 3)
ii  python3-dev                                 3.4.0-0ubuntu2                          amd64        header files and a static library for Python (default)
ii  python3-distlib                             0.1.8-1ubuntu1                          all          low-level components of python distutils2/packaging
ii  python3-distupgrade                         1:0.220.7                               all          manage release upgrades
ii  python3-gdbm:amd64                          3.4.0-0ubuntu1                          amd64        GNU dbm database support for Python 3.x
ii  python3-gi                                  3.12.0-1ubuntu1                         amd64        Python 3 bindings for gobject-introspection libraries
ii  python3-html5lib                            0.999-3~ubuntu1                         all          HTML parser/tokenizer based on the WHATWG HTML5 specification (Python 3)
ii  python3-minimal                             3.4.0-0ubuntu2                          amd64        minimal subset of the Python language (default python3 version)
ii  python3-pip                                 1.5.4-1ubuntu3                          all          alternative Python package installer - Python 3 version of the package
ii  python3-pkg-resources                       3.3-1ubuntu2                            all          Package Discovery and Resource Access using pkg_resources
ii  python3-problem-report                      2.14.1-0ubuntu3.11                      all          Python 3 library to handle problem reports
ii  python3-pycurl                              7.19.3-0ubuntu3                         amd64        Python 3 bindings to libcurl
ii  python3-pykde4                              4:4.13.3-0ubuntu0.1                     amd64        Python 3 bindings for the KDE Development Platform
ii  python3-pyqt4                               4.10.4+dfsg-1ubuntu1                    amd64        Python3 bindings for Qt4
ii  python3-requests                            2.2.1-1ubuntu0.3                        all          elegant and simple HTTP library for Python3, built for human beings
ii  python3-setuptools                          3.3-1ubuntu2                            all          Python3 Distutils Enhancements
ii  python3-sip                                 4.15.5-1build1                          amd64        Python 3/C++ bindings generator runtime library
ii  python3-six                                 1.5.2-1ubuntu1                          all          Python 2 and 3 compatibility library (Python 3 interface)
ii  python3-software-properties                 0.92.37.3                               all          manage the repositories that you install software from
ii  python3-uno                                 1:4.2.8-0ubuntu2                        amd64        Python-UNO bridge
ii  python3-update-manager                      1:0.196.13                              all          python 3.x module for update-manager
ii  python3-urllib3                             1.7.1-1ubuntu3                          all          HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling for Python3
ii  python3-wheel                               0.24.0-1~ubuntu1                        all          built-package format for Python
ii  python3-xkit                                0.5.0ubuntu2                            all          library for the manipulation of xorg.conf files (Python 3)
ii  python3.4                                   3.4.0-2ubuntu1.1                        amd64        Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 3.4)
ii  python3.4-dev                               3.4.0-2ubuntu1.1                        amd64        Header files and a static library for Python (v3.4)
ii  python3.4-minimal                           3.4.0-2ubuntu1.1                        amd64        Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.4)

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS
Release:        14.04
Codename:       trusty

$ grep -P '^[ \t]*[^#[ \t]+' /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://cran.uni-muenster.de/bin/linux/ubuntu trusty/
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/fossfreedom-packagefixes-trusty.list:deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/fossfreedom/packagefixes/ubuntu trusty main
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/jitsi.list:deb http://download.jitsi.org/deb unstable/
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/leviatan1-ppa-trusty.list:deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/leviatan1/ppa/ubuntu trusty main

$ whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python3.4-config /usr/bin/python3.4 /usr/bin/python3.4m /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python3.4m-config /etc/python /etc/python3.4 /etc/python2.7 /usr/lib/python3.4 /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/bin/X11/python /usr/bin/X11/python3.4-config /usr/bin/X11/python3.4 /usr/bin/X11/python3.4m /usr/bin/X11/python2.7 /usr/bin/X11/python3.4m-config /usr/local/lib/python3.4 /usr/local/lib/python2.7 /usr/include/python3.4 /usr/include/python3.4m /usr/share/python /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz

$ whereis python2.7
python2: /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python2 /etc/python2.7 /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/bin/X11/python2.7 /usr/bin/X11/python2 /usr/local/lib/python2.7 /usr/share/man/man1/python2.1.gz

Dağıtımınızın sağladığından daha yeni olan Python paketleri yüklediniz. Örneğin, python2.7.10-1 sürümü yüklüyse de dağıtımınızda yalnızca 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 sürümü var.

APT, açıkça belirtilmediği sürece paketleri düşürmez. Bu nedenle, örneğin Python'un tam sürümüne bağlı bir paket yüklemeye çalışırsanız, çalışmaz, çünkü pythonpaket indirilemez. apt-get --reinstall install pythonAPT Python'u 2.7.5'e düşürmeyeceği için bile başarısız oluyor.

Sisteminizi onarmak için APT'nin eski sürüme geçmesine izin vermeniz gerekir. Bunu yapmak için APT tercihlerini tanımlayın . /etc/apt/preferences.d/allow-downgradeİçeren bir dosya oluşturun

Package: *
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: 1001

/etc/apt/preferences.d(Artı /etc/apt/preferences) içindeki dosyalar , bir paketin birden çok sürümü mevcut olduğunda varsayılan seçimi geçersiz kılan öncelik bildirimleri içerir; bu, “hedef dağıtımdan en son sürümü tercih eder”. Bir pakete 1000'in üzerinde öncelik verilmesi, daha düşük önceliğe sahip bir paketin eski bir sürümü olsa bile tercih edilmesine neden olur. Kurulu paketlerin önceliği 500'dür, bu nedenle Ubuntu'dan gelen paket kazanır. Daha fazla bilgi için bakınız:

man apt_preferences

Bence bu öncelikleri belirledikten sonra

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

tüm paketlerinizi Ubuntu'daki sürüme düşürmek için (Ubuntu'da olmayan paketler kaldırılmaz). Ayrıca çalıştırın apt-get -f installve başarıyla tamamlanana kadar başka bir yazılım yüklemeye çalışmayın.

Her şey indirildikten sonra, tercihler dosyasını kaldırın ve apt-get updatetekrar çalıştırın .

Bunun işe yaradığını keşfetmenin tek bir yolu var.

1. Adım 1: Python 2.7 Deb paketini buradan indirin ve kurun

   sudo dpkg -i <package-name>

2. Python ile ilgili her şeyi listelemek için dbkg aracını kullanın

   sudo dpkg -l | grep python

3. yukarıda bulunan her şeyi kaldır

   sudo dpkg --purge --force-all paket adı

4. yapmaya çalış

   sudo apt upgrade

sonunda bozuk paketlerin bir listesini verecektir. 3. adımı kullanarak bunları kaldırın

5. Sudo apt yükseltmesi hata vermeyinceye kadar 3-4. Adımları tekrarlayın

6. Deb paketi olarak yüklediğiniz python 2.7'nin konumunu kullanarak / usr / bin / python için bir sembolik bağlantı oluşturmanız gerekebilir. ( locate bin/python) veln -s <path> /usr/bin/python

7. Şu anda python sabitlenmelidir. Ancak do-release-upgrade (bunun için LTS'ye değil, en son ubuntu'ya nasıl güncelleneceğini öğrenmek için kılavuzu okuyun)