5 seviyeli QoS modeli nedir (yapılandırma örneği aracılığıyla)?

İnsanların ağlarının

"5 seviyeli (veya katman) bir QoS modeli çalıştırıyor"

Bazen 7 seviyeli bir QoS modelinden de bahsediyorlar. Herkes bana burada ne anlama geldiğini gösteren bir Cisco IOS yapılandırma örneği sağlayabilir. Bu yüzden bunun nasıl uygulanacağını gösteren bir yapılandırma örneği kastediyorum (böyle bir şey olduğunu varsayarak!). IOS 12'ye daha çok aşinayım. 15 yerine ne olursa olsun, ama her ikisi de harika olurdu.

Bu kişilerin, aşağıdaki 5 standart sınıftan biri olan eşleşen bir trafiğe 5 sınıf oluşturduğunu ve trafiği uygun şekilde işlediğini varsayıyorum;

• DF Varsayılanı
• EF Hızlandırılmış Yönlendirme
• VA Ses Girişi
• AF Garantili Yönlendirme
• CS Sınıf Seçici (geriye dönük uyumluluk için)

5 (veya 7!) Trafik sınıfına uyan ve daha sonra uygun bir politika uygulayan bir IOS yapılandırma örneği arıyorum ( bunun büyük bir belirsiz olduğunu anlıyorum, farklı ağ operatörleri trafiğin farklı ele alınmasını isteyebilir, ancak bu tamamen 5 farklı trafik sınıfının eşleştiğini ve farklı muamele gördüğünü görmek istiyorum ).

Kenar notu

Örneğin bir 100Mbps bağlantı söylemek için böyle bir politika nasıl yapılandırmak görmek istiyorum gerçekten basit aritmetik kullanarak ben 1 Gbps kadar veya 10 Mbps aşağı ölçeklendirilebilir görmek istiyorum. Bunun etkili olması için, tüm QoS şemasının örneğin bant genişliğini sınırlamak için polislik kullanmak yerine tampon alanı ayırması veya kova alanı ayırması gerekeceğini tahmin ediyorum. Bunun herhangi bir zamanda ne kadar bant genişliğinin ses, video, veri veya P2P / Torrent vb. Olacağını bilmediğiniz için

Cisco, Cisco Onaylı Tasarımlar (CVD) olarak adlandırdıkları bir şeye sahiptir. Bunlar, Cisco'nun önerdiği ve test ettiği QoS, yüksek kullanılabilirlik, WAN vb.Gibi farklı perspektiflerden ağ tasarımlarıdır.

QoS için aşağıdaki resimde görülebilen 4, 8 veya 12 sınıflı 3 farklı tasarıma sahiptirler.

4 sınıf modelden başlayarak:

! This section defines the 4-Class class-maps 
! (three are explicitly defined and one is default)
Router(config)# class-map match-any REALTIME
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp ef
 ! Matches VoIP
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs5
 ! Matches Broadcast Video
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs4
 ! Matches Realtime-Interactive

Router(config)# class-map match-any CONTROL
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs6
 ! Matches Network-Control
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs3
 ! Matches Signaling (control-plane traffic for voice/video infrastructure)
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs2
 ! Matches Network Management

Router(config)# class-map match-any CRITICAL-DATA
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af41 af42 af43
 ! Matches Multimedia Conferencing on AF4 
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af31 af32 af33
 ! Matches Multimedia Streaming on AF3
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af21 af22 af23
 ! Matches Transactional Data on AF2
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af11 af12 af13
 ! Matches Bulk Data on AF1


! This section defines the 4-Class Policy-Map
Router(config)# policy-map WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS
Router(config-pmap)# class REALTIME
Router(config-pmap-c)# priority percent 33
 ! Provisions 33% LLQ for REALTIME class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class CONTROL
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 7
 ! Provisions 7% CBWFQ for CONTROL class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class CRITICAL-DATA
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 35
 ! Provisions 35% CBWFQ for CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)#  fair-queue
 ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp-based
 ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af11 50 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF11/10 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af12 45 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF12/12 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af13 40 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF13/14 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af21 50 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF21/18 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af22 45 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF22/20 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af23 40 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF23/22 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af31 50 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF31/26 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af32 45 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF32/28 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af33 40 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF33/30 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af41 50 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF41/34 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af42 45 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF42/36 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af43 40 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF43/38 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class class-default
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 25
 ! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)#  fair-queue
 ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)#  queue-limit 128 packets
 ! Expands queue-limit to 128 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp-based
 ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp default 100 128
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for DF/0 to 100 and 128 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp cs1 60 100
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for CS1/8 to 60 and 100 packets

Gördüğünüz gibi farklı DSCP değerleriyle eşleşiyor. DSCP EF genellikle VoIP için kullanılır. Bu, paketlerinizin ağınızda mümkün olduğunca erken işaretlenmiş olması gerektiği anlamına gelir. Bant genişliği değerleri yüzde olarak girilir; bu, politikanın farklı hız arayüzlerine uygulanabileceği ve yine de kbit / s cinsinden girilmesine kıyasla iyi değerler sağlayabileceği anlamına gelir. 10 Gbit gibi çok yüksek hızlı arayüzlerde, kontrol trafiği için% 7 kullanmak çok fazla olabilir, ancak bu 700 Mbit / s olacaktır.

Hem veriler hem de sınıf varsayılanı, küçük paket akışlarında bile adil kuyruk sağlamak için DSCP ve paket boyutuna dayalı kuyrukları sıralamanın bir yolu olan adil kuyruk kullanır. Bunu kullanabilmek için Hiyerarşik Kuyruk Çerçevesini (HQF) destekleyen ve 12.4 (20) T veya daha yeni bir görüntüye ihtiyacınız var .

Ağırlıklı Rastgele Erken Algılama (WRED), TCP akışlarının aynı anda hızlanıp geri döneceği TCP senkronizasyonu gibi sorunlara bakmak için de uygulanır.

Sonra 8 sınıf modeliniz var.

! This section defines the 8-Class class-maps 
! (seven are explicitly defined and one is default)
Router(config)# class-map match-all VOICE
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp ef
 ! Matches VoIP

Router(config)# class-map match-any INTERACTIVE-VIDEO
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs5
 ! Matches Broadcast Video
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs4
 ! Matches Realtime-Interactive
Router(config)# class-map match-any NETWORK-CONTROL
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs6
 ! Matches Network Control
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs2
 ! Matches Network Management

Router(config)# class-map match-all SIGNALING
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs3
 ! Matches Signaling

Router(config)# class-map match-all MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af31 af32 af33
 ! Matches Multimedia-Streaming on AF3

Router(config)# class-map match-any CRITICAL-DATA
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af41 af42 af43
 ! Matches Multimedia-Conferencing on AF4
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af21 af22 af23
 ! Matches Transactional-Data on AF2
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af11 af12 af13
 ! Matches Bulk-Data on AF1

Router(config)# class-map match-all SCAVENGER
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs1
 ! Matches Scavenger


! This section configures the 8-class policy-map
Router(config)# policy-map WAN-EDGE-8-CLASS
Router(config-pmap)# class VOICE
Router(config-pmap-c)#  priority percent 10
 ! Provisions 10% LLQ for VOICE class (dual LLQ-policy)
Router(config-pmap-c)# class INTERACTIVE-VIDEO
Router(config-pmap-c)#  priority percent 23
 ! Provisions 23% LLQ for INTERACTIVE-VIDEO class (dual-LLQ policy)
Router(config-pmap-c)# class NETWORK-CONTROL
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 5
 ! Provisions 5% CBWFQ for NETWORK-CONTROL class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class SIGNALING
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 2
 ! Provisions 2% CBWFQ for SIGNALING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 10
 ! Provisions 10% CBWFQ for MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)#  fair-queue
 ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp-based
 ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af31 50 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF31/26 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af32 45 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF32/28 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af33 40 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF33/30 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class CRITICAL-DATA
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 24
 ! Provisions 24% CBWFQ for CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)#  fair-queue
 ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp-based
 ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on CRITICAL-DATA class


Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af11 50 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF11/10 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af12 45 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF12/12 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af13 40 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF13/14 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af21 50 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF21/18 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af22 45 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF22/20 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af23 40 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF23/22 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af41 50 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF41/34 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af42 45 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF42/36 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af43 40 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF43/38 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class SCAVENGER
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 1
 ! Constrains Scavenger class to 1% CBWFQ
Router(config-pmap-c)# class class-default
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 25
 ! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)#  fair-queue
 ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)#  queue-limit 128 packets
 ! Expands queue-limit to 128 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp-based
 ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp default 100 128
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for DF/0 to 100 and 128 packets

Bu politika, bu protokoller için video, akış ve sinyal gibi gerçek zamanlı uygulamalar için daha ayrıntılıdır.

Sonunda bu 12 sınıf modelidir.

! This section configures the class-maps
! (eleven class maps are explicitly defined and one is default)
Router(config)# class-map match-all VOICE
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp ef
 ! Matches VoIP

Router(config)# class-map match-all BROADCAST-VIDEO
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs5
 ! Matches Broadcast Video

Router(config)# class-map match-all REALTIME-INTERACTIVE
Router(config-cmap)#  match dscp cs4
 ! Matches Realtime-Interactive

Router(config)# class-map match-all NETWORK-CONTROL
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs6
 ! Matches Network Control

Router(config)# class-map match-all SIGNALING
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs3
 ! Matches Signaling

Router(config)# class-map match-all NETWORK-MANAGEMENT
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs2
 ! Matches Network Management

Router(config)# class-map match-any MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af41
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af42
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af43
 ! Matches Multimedia-Conferencing
 ! One match statement per Drop Precedence increases visibility

Router(config)# class-map match-any MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af31
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af32
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af33
 ! Matches Multimedia-Streaming
 ! One match statement per Drop Precedence increases visibility

Router(config)# class-map match-any TRANSACTIONAL-DATA
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af21
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af22
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af23
 ! Matches Transactional-Data
 ! One match statement per Drop Precedence increases visibility

Router(config)# class-map match-any BULK-DATA
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af11
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af12
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af13
 ! Matches Bulk-Data
 ! One match statement per Drop Precedence increases visibility

Router(config)# class-map match-all SCAVENGER
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs1
 ! Matches Scavenger


! This section configures the 12-Class policy-map
Router(config)# policy-map WAN-EDGE-12-CLASS
Router(config-pmap)# class VOICE
Router(config-pmap-c)#  priority percent 10
 ! Provisions 10% LLQ to VOICE class (multi-LLQ policy)
Router(config-pmap-c)# class BROADCAST-VIDEO
Router(config-pmap-c)#  priority percent 10
 ! Provisions 10% LLQ to BROADCAST-VIDEO class (multi-LLQ policy)
Router(config-pmap-c)# class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE
Router(config-pmap-c)#  priority percent 13
! Provisions 13% LLQ to REALTIME-INTERACTIVE class (multi-LLQ policy)
Router(config-pmap-c)# class NETWORK-CONTROL
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 2
 ! Provisions 2% CBWFQ to NETWORK-CONTROL class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class SIGNALING
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 2
 ! Provisions 2% CBWFQ to SIGNALING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class NETWORK-MANAGEMENT
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 3
 ! Provisions 3% CBWFQ to NETWORK-MANAGEMENT class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 10
 ! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class
Router(config-pmap-c)#  fair-queue
 ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp-based
 ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af41 50 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF41/34 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af42 45 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF42/36 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af43 40 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF43/38 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 10
 ! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)#  fair-queue
 ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp-based
 ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af31 50 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF31/26 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af32 45 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF32/28 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af33 40 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF33/30 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class TRANSACTIONAL-DATA
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 10
 ! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)#  fair-queue
 ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp-based
 ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af21 50 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF21/18 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af22 45 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF22/20 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af23 40 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF23/22 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class BULK-DATA
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 4
 ! Provisions 4% CBWFQ to BULK-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)#  fair-queue
 ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on BULK-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on BULK-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af11 50 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF11/10 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af12 45 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF12/12 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp af13 40 64
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF13/14 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class SCAVENGER
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 1
 ! Constrains Scavenger to 1% CBWFQ
Router(config-pmap-c)# class class-default
Router(config-pmap-c)#  bandwidth percent 25
 ! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)#  fair-queue
 ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)#  queue-limit 128 packets
 ! Expands queue-limit to 128 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp-based
 ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)#   random-detect dscp default 100 128
 ! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for DF/0 to 100 and 128 packets

Bu politika etkileşimli trafik için daha fazla sınıfa ve farklı veri türleri ve yönetim sınıfı için daha fazla sınıfa sahiptir.

Son olarak, politikayı böyle bir arayüze uygulamanız gerekir.

int gix / x hizmet ilkesi çıktısı WAN-EDGE-12-CLASS

WAN QoS CVD bağlantısı .