Lorenz eğrisini hızlı bir şekilde görselleştirmenin bir yolunu buldum ggplot2
, bu da daha estetik ve yorumlanması kolay bir grafik sağladı. Bu son sebepten dolayı, Lorenz eğrisini çapraz çizgide yansıtırım, bu da bana sorarsanız daha sezgisel bir formla sonuçlanır. Ayrıca, planın açıklamasını kolaylaştıracak ek açıklama satırları içerir (örn. "En çok katkıda bulunan% 5 kullanıcı verilerin% 50'sini oluşturur"). Dikkat: Ek açıklama satırı için doğru noktayı bulmak oldukça aptalca bir sezgisel yöntem kullanır ve daha küçük bir veri kümesiyle çalışmayabilir.
Örnek veriler:
data <- data.frame(lco =
c(338L, 6317L, 79L, 36L, 3634L, 8633L, 3231L, 27L, 173L, 5934L,
4476L, 1604L, 340L, 723L, 260L, 7008L, 7968L, 3854L, 4011L, 1596L,
1428L, 587L, 1595L, 32L, 277L, 5201L, 133L, 407L, 676L, 1874L,
1700L, 843L, 237L, 4270L, 2404L, 530L, 305L, 9344L, 720L, 1806L,
35L, 790L, 1383L, 5522L, 178L, 75L, 6219L, 121L, 923L, 1123L,
102L, 70L, 50L, 119L, 445L, 464L, 182L, 244L, 1358L, 7840L, 661L,
70L, 132L, 634L, 4262L, 1872L, 345L, 11L, 28L, 284L, 626L, 1033L,
26L, 798L, 13L, 480L, 44L, 339L, 259L, 312L, 262L, 67L, 1359L,
1835L, 13L, 189L, 292L, 2152L, 215L, 39L, 1131L, 1323L, 700L,
3271L, 1622L, 4669L, 125L, 281L, 277L, 232L, 1111L, 8669L, 7233L,
9363L, 400L, 502L, 1425L, 904L, 2924L, 927L, 31L, 1132L, 200L,
17L, 7602L, 12365L, 258L, 16L, 223L, 55L, 11L, 785L, 493L, 4L,
1161L, 393L, 791L, 30L, 568L, 386L, 75L, 1882L, 674L, 29L, 4217L,
332L, 103L, 332L, 30L, 168L, 277L, 176L, 49L, 19L, 76L, 144L,
145L, 65L, 52L, 391L, 25L, 104L, 484L, 20L, 12L, 188L, 5677L,
19L, 273L, 424L, 281L, 458L, 50L, 255L, 898L, 840L, 872L, 573L,
874L, 8L, 35L, 235L, 22L, 229L, 158L, 59L, 147L, 544L, 24L, 325L,
15L, 3L, 1531L, 1014L, 43L, 35L, 2176L, 934L, 253L, 69L, 784L,
352L, 188L, 27L, 1516L, 322L, 1394L, 7686L, 13L, 812L, 349L,
779L, 77L, 941L, 104L, 82L, 93L, 1206L, 24L, 6159L, 131L, 99L,
1310L, 27L, 520L, 327L, 350L, 42L, 102L, 25L, 14L, 42L, 33L,
469L, 177L, 119L, 64L, 75L, 190L, 82L, 82L, 473L, 51L, 9L, 49L,
41L, 221L, 1778L, 4188L, 4L, 86L, 39L, 93L, 35L, 44L, 227L, 636L,
589L, 332L, 22L, 15L, 50L, 147L, 32L, 134L, 133L, 629L, 168L,
69L, 747L, 34L, 20L, 552L, 8L, 54L, 28L, 1437L, 83L, 3225L, 776L,
784L, 247L, 33L, 40L, 368L, 104L, 420L, 357L, 9L, 164L, 7L, 227L,
142L, 33L, 91L, 78L, 175L, 194L, 294L, 433L, 52L, 7L, 372L, 29L,
220L, 371L, 375L, 233L, 12L, 35L, 795L, 35L, 43L, 50L, 57L, 32L,
162L, 124L, 160L, 52L, 132L, 131L, 50L, 117L, 145L, 33L, 83L,
33L, 123L, 43L, 27L, 91L, 25L, 2116L, 51L, 509L, 603L, 267L,
10L, 10L, 51L, 6028L, 99L, 597L, 53L, 131L, 1084L, 1222L, 153L,
70L, 746L, 437L, 82L, 299L, 1682L, 21L, 24L, 973L, 207L, 55L,
116L, 47L, 48L, 149L, 100L, 690L, 129L, 80L, 1143L, 103L, 50L,
242L, 708L, 316L, 83L, 61L, 15L, 203L, 435L, 474L, 47L, 718L,
21L, 33L, 27L, 15L, 53L, 97L, 6L, 39L, 59L, 255L, 51L, 15L, 20L,
514L, 74L, 20L, 319L, 14L, 14L, 45L, 36L, 625L, 5534L, 43L, 590L,
43L, 29L, 233L, 135L, 174L, 20L, 335L, 106L, 230L, 64L, 3551L,
524L, 72L, 44L, 16L, 98L, 37L, 62L, 390L, 83L, 28L, 3L, 63L,
32L, 124L, 56L, 149L, 11L, 153L, 661L, 15L, 25L, 49L, 626L, 141L,
38L, 23L, 123L, 530L, 47L, 6L, 18L, 222L, 391L, 71L, 75L, 234L,
142L, 45L, 439L, 675L, 14L, 53L, 19L, 100L, 51L, 147L, 10L, 141L,
979L, 97L, 330L, 112L, 71L, 4L, 9L, 124L, 141L, 145L, 302L, 122L,
435L, 50L, 81L, 99L, 330L, 84L, 41L, 227L, 4L, 37L, 5L, 99L,
210L, 7L, 183L, 67L, 98L, 157L, 96L, 150L, 22L, 288L, 391L, 188L,
54L, 56L, 49L, 618L, 160L, 631L, 9L, 355L, 56L, 119L, 37L, 36L,
153L, 110L, 126L, 335L, 121L, 80L, 113L, 62L, 97L, 22L, 72L,
1742L, 1007L, 11L, 121L, 27L, 62L, 823L, 56L, 40L, 26L, 69L,
120L, 516L, 11L, 146L, 245L, 174L, 1648L, 105L, 123L, 17L, 2565L,
138L, 200L, 46L, 130L, 189L, 87L, 191L, 143L, 76L, 702L, 79L,
67L, 166L, 3487L, 88L, 395L, 283L, 140L, 535L, 198L, 64L, 1033L,
376L, 180L, 14L, 32L, 441L, 361L, 520L, 62L, 247L, 10L, 24L,
721L, 176L, 164L, 33L, 44L, 12L, 30L, 13L, 157L, 122L, 161L,
45L, 34L, 538L, 74L, 14L, 19L, 15L, 1714L, 437L, 16L, 12L, 130L,
25L, 93L, 9L, 15L, 81L, 889L, 27L, 195L, 5L, 233L, 113L, 356L,
51L, 146L, 6822L, 65L, 166L, 45L, 18L, 295L, 196L, 145L, 256L,
14L, 8L, 89L, 32L, 20L, 239L, 68L, 63L, 21L, 102L, 158L, 1138L,
48L, 113L, 144L, 83L, 93L, 3L, 1032L, 45L, 36L, 68L, 146L, 370L,
25L, 10L, 290L, 858L, 19L, 17L, 64L, 42L, 38L, 711L, 144L, 58L,
144L, 1736L, 188L, 38L, 58L, 91L, 255L, 58L, 307L, 4L, 9L, 60L,
14L, 13L, 118L, 1549L, 108L, 483L, 34L, 1471L, 13L, 16L, 76L,
163L, 147L, 75L, 520L, 4L, 59L, 73L, 32L, 24L, 656L, 16L, 2655L,
38L, 20L, 1011L, 85L, 592L, 91L, 883L, 5174L, 42L, 17L, 88L,
21L, 61L, 33L, 1726L, 46L, 387L, 920L, 120L, 134L, 72L, 144L,
1603L, 646L, 45L, 282L, 56L, 19L, 41L, 69L, 151L, 632L, 47L,
48L, 126L, 114L, 119L, 144L, 949L, 67L, 144L, 27L, 61L, 70L,
287L, 64L, 323L, 27L, 149L, 1914L, 20L, 1077L, 21L, 70L, 59L,
123L, 537L, 131L, 1226L, 2908L, 8L, 133L, 42L, 175L, 100L, 162L,
494L, 414L, 2618L, 33L, 93L, 48L, 3676L, 553L, 705L, 58L, 268L,
141L, 284L, 98L, 135L, 13L, 49L, 792L, 128L, 172L, 236L, 221L,
596L, 35L, 241L, 10L, 193L, 189L, 26L, 27L, 47L, 100L, 398L,
21L, 26L, 86L, 147L, 3639L, 161L, 60L, 106L, 111L, 42L, 11L,
654L, 21L, 129L, 1152L, 224L, 49L, 12L, 22L, 73L, 207L, 165L,
113L, 12L, 1224L, 177L, 6L, 390L, 2747L, 23L, 46L, 1166L, 805L,
20L, 130L, 46L, 110L, 16L, 88L, 652L, 61L, 86L, 16L, 804L, 41L,
4383L, 511L, 126L, 549L, 23L, 45L, 80L, 162L, 127L, 700L, 43L,
147L, 102L, 84L, 67L, 57L, 30L, 55L, 274L, 314L, 847L, 203L,
322L, 8350L, 101L, 10L, 122L, 54L, 120L, 10L, 22L, 327L, 234L,
56L, 998L, 409L, 131L, 2163L, 81L, 19L, 6675L, 7L, 2182L, 1136L,
71L, 15L, 286L, 133L, 132L, 37L, 144L, 28L, 392L, 870L, 312L,
190L, 135L, 16L, 6L, 153L, 38L, 62L, 2710L, 36L, 61L, 37L, 88L,
375L, 88L, 131L, 73L, 212L, 918L, 185L, 53L, 143L, 69L, 2231L,
54L, 23L, 220L, 195L, 468L, 2009L, 364L, 54L, 277L, 1547L, 240L,
1700L, 1533L, 374L, 363L, 35L, 97L, 19L, 87L, 67L, 22L, 267L,
16L, 11L, 35L, 460L, 44L, 58L, 26L, 13L, 172L, 114L, 272L, 64L,
254L, 49L, 440L, 329L, 48L, 93L, 10L, 70L, 17L, 120L, 5229L,
118L, 133L, 43L, 2419L, 207L, 102L, 90L, 127L, 3939L, 14L, 5L,
552L, 425L, 656L, 511L, 170L, 396L, 177L, 3680L, 111L, 21L, 320L,
367L, 51L, 672L, 1675L, 59L, 91L, 281L, 113L, 19L, 37L, 65L,
288L, 27L, 149L, 61L, 63L, 75L, 165L, 90L, 9L, 12L, 82L, 111L,
157L))
Kod:
# lorenz curve of user contribution
library(ineq)
library(ggplot2)
library(scales)
library(grid)
# compute lorenz curve
lcolc <- Lc(data$lco)
# bring lorenz curve in another format easily readable by ggplot2
# namely reverse the L column so that lorenz curve is mirrored on diagonal
# p stays p (the diagonal)
# Uprob contains the indices of the L's, but we need percentiles
lcdf <- data.frame(L = rev(1-lcolc$L), p = lcolc$p, Uprob = c(1:length(lcolc$L)/length(lcolc$L)))
# basic plot with the diagonal line and the L line
p <- ggplot(lcdf, aes(x = Uprob, y = L)) + geom_line(colour = hcl(h=15, l=65, c=100)) + geom_line(aes(x = p, y = p))
# compute annotation lines at 50 percent L (uses a heuristic)
index <- which(lcdf$L >= 0.499 & lcdf$L <= 0.501)[1]
ypos <- lcdf$L[index]
yposs <- c(0,ypos)
xpos <- index/length(lcdf$L)
xposs <- c(0,xpos)
ypositions <- data.frame(x = xposs, y = c(ypos,ypos))
xpositions <- data.frame(x = c(xpos,xpos), y = yposs)
# add annotation line
p <- p + geom_line(data = ypositions, aes(x = x, y = y),
linetype="dashed") + geom_line(data = xpositions, aes(x = x, y = y),
linetype="dashed")
# set axes and labels (namely insert custom breaks in scales)
p <- p + scale_x_continuous(breaks=c(0, xpos,0.25,0.5,0.75,1),
labels = percent_format()) + scale_y_continuous(
labels = percent_format())
# add minimal theme
p <- p + theme_minimal() + xlab("Percentage of objects") + ylab("Percentage of events")
# customize theme
p <- p + theme(plot.margin = unit(c(0.5,1,1,1), "cm"),
axis.title.x = element_text(vjust=-1),
axis.title.y = element_text(angle=90, vjust=0),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = rgb(0.99,0.99,0.99), linetype=0))
# print plot
p
ecdf
in yapınR
. Terim "ampirik kümülatif dağılım işlevi" dir. Ayrıca, "olasılık grafikleri" ve "QQ grafikleri" ile de ilgilenebilirsiniz: bunlar ECDF'nin farklı (doğrusal olmayan) ölçeklerdeki verileri gösteren versiyonlarıdır.