Çok sayıda Bayesci istatistik yapmak istiyorsanız, R'den R2OpenBUGS veya R2WinBUGS paketleri aracılığıyla erişilebilen BUGS / JAGS dilini öğrenmek yararlı olacaktır.
Ancak, BUGS sözdizimini anlamayı gerektirmeyen hızlı bir örnek uğruna, posterior dağıtımdan örnekleme için runiregGibbs işlevine sahip "bayesm" paketini kullanabilirsiniz. İşte sizin tarif ettiğiniz veriye benzer bir örnek ...
library(bayesm)
podwt <- structure(list(wt = c(1.76, 1.45, 1.03, 1.53, 2.34, 1.96, 1.79, 1.21, 0.49, 0.85, 1, 1.54, 1.01, 0.75, 2.11, 0.92), treat = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L), .Label = c("I", "U"), class = "factor"), mus = c(4.15, 2.76, 1.77, 3.11, 4.65, 3.46, 3.75, 2.04, 1.25, 2.39, 2.54, 3.41, 1.27, 1.26, 3.87, 1.01)), .Names = c("wt", "treat", "mus"), row.names = c(NA, -16L), class = "data.frame")
# response
y1 <- podwt$wt
# First run a one-way anova
# Create the design matrix - need to insert a column of 1s
x1 <- cbind(matrix(1,nrow(podwt),1),podwt$treat)
# data for the Bayesian analysis
dt1 <- list(y=y1,X=x1)
# runiregGibbs uses a normal prior for the regression coefficients and
# an inverse chi-squared prior for va
# mean of the normal prior. We have 2 estimates - 1 intercept
# and 1 regression coefficient
betabar1 <- c(0,0)
# Pecision matrix for the normal prior. Again we have 2
A1 <- 0.01 * diag(2)
# note this is a very diffuse prior
# degrees of freedom for the inverse chi-square prior
n1 <- 3
# scale parameter for the inverse chi-square prior
ssq1 <- var(y1)
Prior1 <- list(betabar=betabar1, A=A1, nu=n1, ssq=ssq1)
# number of iterations of the Gibbs sampler
iter <- 10000
# thinning/slicing parameter. 1 means we keep all all values
slice <- 1
MCMC <- list(R=iter, keep=slice)
sim1 <- runiregGibbs(dt1, Prior1, MCMC)
plot(sim1$betadraw)
plot(sim1$sigmasqdraw)
summary(sim1$betadraw)
summary(sim1$sigmasqdraw)
# compare with maximum likelihood estimates:
fitpodwt <- lm(wt~treat, data=podwt)
summary(fitpodwt)
anova(fitpodwt)
# now for ordinary linear regression
x2 <- cbind(matrix(1,nrow(podwt),1),podwt$mus)
dt2 <- list(y=y1,X=x2)
sim2 <- runiregGibbs(dt1, Prior1, MCMC)
summary(sim1$betadraw)
summary(sim1$sigmasqdraw)
plot(sim$betadraw)
plot(sim$sigmasqdraw)
# compare with maximum likelihood estimates:
summary(lm(podwt$wt~mus,data=podwt))
# now with both variables
x3 <- cbind(matrix(1,nrow(podwt),1),podwt$treat,podwt$mus)
dt3 <- list(y=y1,X=x3)
# now we have an additional estimate so modify the prior accordingly
betabar1 <- c(0,0,0)
A1 <- 0.01 * diag(3)
Prior1 <- list(betabar=betabar1, A=A1, nu=n1, ssq=ssq1)
sim3 <- runiregGibbs(dt3, Prior1, MCMC)
plot(sim3$betadraw)
plot(sim3$sigmasqdraw)
summary(sim3$betadraw)
summary(sim3$sigmasqdraw)
# compare with maximum likelihood estimates:
summary(lm(podwt$wt~treat+mus,data=podwt))
Çıktıdan elde edilen alıntılar:
Anova:
Bayesian:
Summary of Posterior Marginal Distributions
Moments
mean std dev num se rel eff sam size
1 2.18 0.40 0.0042 0.99 9000
2 -0.55 0.25 0.0025 0.87 9000
Quantiles
2.5% 5% 50% 95% 97.5%
1 1.4 1.51 2.18 2.83 2.976
2 -1.1 -0.97 -0.55 -0.13 -0.041
lm ():
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 1.6338 0.1651 9.895 1.06e-07 ***
treatU -0.5500 0.2335 -2.355 0.0336 *
Basit doğrusal regresyon:
Bayesian:
Summary of Posterior Marginal Distributions
Moments
mean std dev num se rel eff sam size
1 0.23 0.208 0.00222 1.0 4500
2 0.42 0.072 0.00082 1.2 4500
Quantiles
2.5% 5% 50% 95% 97.5%
1 -0.18 -0.10 0.23 0.56 0.63
2 0.28 0.31 0.42 0.54 0.56
lm ():
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 0.23330 0.14272 1.635 0.124
mus 0.42181 0.04931 8.554 6.23e-07 ***
2 değişken model:
Bayesci:
Summary of Posterior Marginal Distributions
Moments
mean std dev num se rel eff sam size
1 0.48 0.437 0.00520 1.3 4500
2 -0.12 0.184 0.00221 1.3 4500
3 0.40 0.083 0.00094 1.2 4500
Quantiles
2.5% 5% 50% 95% 97.5%
1 -0.41 -0.24 0.48 1.18 1.35
2 -0.48 -0.42 -0.12 0.18 0.25
3 0.23 0.26 0.40 0.53 0.56
lm ():
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 0.36242 0.19794 1.831 0.0901 .
treatU -0.11995 0.12688 -0.945 0.3617
mus 0.39590 0.05658 6.997 9.39e-06 ***
bu basit modellerde ve yaygın önceliklerde beklendiği gibi sonuçların geniş ölçüde karşılaştırılabilir olduğunu görebiliriz. Tabii ki ayrıca MCMC teşhis grafiklerini - posterior yoğunluk, iz grafiği, otomatik korelasyon - incelemeye değer, ayrıca yukarıdaki kodu da verdim (araziler gösterilmiyor).